Recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments regarding family matters

Rumenov, Ilija (author), Galič, Aleš (mentor)

The doctoral thesis ‘Priznanje in izvršitev tujih sodnih odločb v družinskopravnih zadevah’ (Recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments regarding family matters) refers to the historical, social and legal aspect of the recognition and enforcement of foreign judicial decisions in the field of family matters. This doctoral thesis presents a research conducted on the basic elements of the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments and especially the characteristics of the exequatur of judgments (and its abolishment) regarding family matters. It is consisted of introduction, three parts, conclusion and bibliography. The introduction provides for introductive remarks about the thesis, as well it elaborates the purpose, the aim and the hypothesis of the doctoral thesis. Also this introductive part gives an overview of the scientific methods used in the thesis. Part one of this thesis is consisted of two chapters. The first chapter gives a brief overview of the transformation of the family from a sociological aspect and shows the changes within its models and functions. Recognition and enforcement represents one aspect of private international law whose goal is to avoid re-litigation and provide for harmonized decisions in which the parties’ rights are protected. That places the countries involved between two separate necessities: on one side, they have to protect their sovereignty and the integrity of their legal system, and on the other they have to satisfy the party’s needs by sparing them of starting a new action in front of a court of a foreign country on an issue and between the same parties which was already decided by a court of another country. In essence this relates to the balance between ‘trust’ in the procedural and substantive law standards of foreign legal systems and the extent of the ‘control’ of the state of enforcement that it imposes on the foreign decision and through that on the foreign legal order. In this context to have more comprehensive understanding of recognition and enforcement, the second chapter of Part one, firstly gives some preliminary remarks and a conceptual understanding of legal institutes ‘recognition’ and ‘enforcement’. After this conceptual explanation of the basic legal institutes for this thesis, the chapter addresses the types of decisions that can be recognized and enforced with the distinction between types of decisions which are undisputed and can undergo the process of exequatur and types of decisions which are debatable regarding whether they can be recognized and enforced in other countries. Following this terminological determination of the meaning of recognition and enforcement and types of decisions which are recognized and enforced, the chapter gives an overview of the basic doctrines (comity, doctrine of obligation, acquired (vested) rights and res iudicata) of recognition and enforcement. Also in this chapter a brief overview of the historical development of the recognition and enforcement of foreign decisions in Europe is contained. To have full terminological and systematical understanding of the recognition and enforcement, this chapter analyzes the systems for recognition and enforcement present in most of the legal systems (system of limited control of foreign judgment, system of unlimited control of foreign judgments, system of revision of foreign judgments (revision au fond), system of prima facie evidence and systems that don’t recognize foreign judgments unless international agreement exists). Lastly, this chapter gives an overview of the legal sources regarding recognition and enforcement in the EU and that of the Hague Conference of Private International Law. Part two which represents substantial part of this thesis provides for detailed analysis of the Council Regulation (EC) No. 2201/2003 of 27 November 2003 concerning jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility, repealing Regulation (EC) № 1347/2000 (‘Brussels IIbis’) with accent on the procedure for recognition and enforcement and the abolition of the exequatur in the cases of child abduction and access rights. The third part of this thesis elaborates the procedures for recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in Republic of Slovenia, with special aspect regarding the family law decisions. Lastly this thesis contains the concluding remarks.

• Language: English
• Keywords: Recognition and enforcement, foreign judgments, Brussels IIbis, The 1980 Hague Child Abduction Convention The 1996 Hague Child Protection Convention, Slovenian Private International Law and Procedure Act
• Work type: Doctoral dissertation
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-96531
• COBISS.SI-ID: 15813713
• Publication date in RUL: 05.10.2017

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Title: Priznanje in izvršitev tujih sodnih odločb v družinskopravnih zadevah

Abstract

Doktorska disertacija ‘Priznanje in izvršitev tujih sodnih odločb v družinskopravnih zadevah’ (Recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments regarding family matters) nanaša se na zgodovinskega, socialnega in pravnega vidika priznanja in izvršitev tujih sodnih odločb v družinskopravnih zadevah. Ta doktorska disertacija predstavlja raziskavo, ki je izvedena na podlagi osnovnih elementov priznavanja in izvršitve tujih sodnih odločb in posebej značilnosti priznanje in izvršljivosti (exequatur) teh odločb (in njeno ukinitev) glede družinskih zadevah. Sestavljena je iz uvoda, treh delov, sklepa in bibliografije. Uvod zagotavlja uvodne ugotovitve o tezi, kakor tudi podrobno opredeljuje namen, cilj ter hipoteze doktorske disertacije. Uvodni del vsebuje pregled znanstvenih metod, ki se uporabljajo v disertaciji. Prvi del teze je sestavljen iz dveh poglavij. Prvo poglavje vsebuje kratek pregled preobrazbe družine z sociološkega vidika in prikazuje spremembe tega modela in njegove funkcije. Priznavanje in izvršitev predstavljata en vidik mednarodnega zasebnega prava kateri cilj je izogniti se ponovnega postopka in zagotoviti vsklajene odločitve v katerem so pravice strank zaščitene. To pomeni, da morajo države spoštovati potrebe obema in to: na eni strani, morajo varovati svojo suvereniteto in integriteto pravnega sistema, a na drugi strani pa morajo zadovoljiti potrebe strankam in preprečiti ponovnega prožanja procesa pred tujem sodišču za isto zadevo in med istimi strankami za kateri je že bilo odločeno pred sodišču druge države. V bistvu to je povezano z ravnovesjem med “zaupanjem” v proceduralnimi in vsebinskimi pravnimi standardi tujega pravnega sistema in obseg “nadzora” država, ki izvršuje naložene tuje odločbe ter skozi to do tujega pravnega reda. V zvezi tega, da bi imeli bolj celovito razumevanje o priznavanju in izvršitvi, drugo poglavje prvega dela, najprej vsebuje nekaj predhodnih pripomb in konceptualnih razumevanj pravnega pojma “priznavanje” in “izvršitev”. Po tej konceptualni razlagi na osnovne pravne pojme v tezo, poglavje obravnava vrste odločb, ki se lahko priznajo in izvršijo z razlikovanjem med vrstami odločb ki so nedvoumne in so izvršljive (eksekvature) ter vrstami odločb, ki so sporne v odvisnosti ali jih je mogoče priznati in izvršiti v drugih državah. Na podlagi terminološke določitve pomena priznavanja in izvršitev, v drugem poglavju je podan pregled osnovnih doktrin (vljudnosti, doktrina obveznosti, pridobljene pravice in prenesene pravice ter res iudicata) . V tem poglavju je obravnan zgodovinski razvoj priznavanja in izvršitve tujih sodnih odločb v Evropi. Da bi imeli celotno terminološko in sistematsko razumevanje o priznavanju in izvršitvi, to poglavje obravnava sisteme, ki so prisotni v večini pravnih sistemov (sistem omejenega nadzora tujih sodnih odločb (revision au fond), sistem prima facie evidence, sistem revizije tujih sodnih odločb in sistemi, ki ne priznavajo tujih sodnih odločb razen če obstajajo mednarodni sporazumi. Zadnje, v tem poglavju je podan pregled pravnih virov vezanih na priznavanju in izvršitev v EU in Haško konvencijo o mednarodnem zasebnem pravu. Drugi del predstavlja bistveni del teze v katerem je prikazana podrobna analiza Uredbe sveta (ES) št. 2201/2003 z dne 27. novembra 2003 o pristojnosti in priznavanju ter izvršitev sodnih odločb v zakonskih sporih in sporih v zvezi s starševsko odgovornostjo, ter razveljavitvi uredbe (ES) št. 1347/2000 (Bruselj IIbis) s poudarkom na postopka o priznavanju in izvršitev ter ukinitev postopka izvršljivosti (eksekvature) v primerih ugrabitve otroka in pravice do stikov. Tretji del teze razloži postopke za priznavanje in izvršitev tujih sodnih odločb v Republiki Sloveniji, z posebnim poudarkom glede odločbe iz družinskega prava. Ta teza vsebuje zaključne pripombe.

• Keywords: Priznanje in izvršitev, tujih sodnih odločb, Bruselj IIbis, Haaško konvencijo 1980 o ugrabitve otrok, Haaške konvencije 1996 za zaščito otrok, Zakona o mednarodnem zasebnem pravu in postopku.