Analiza novejše slovenske sodne prakse na področju prostitucijskih deliktov

Močnik, Nika (author), Možina, Damjan (mentor)

POVZETEK ANALIZA NOVEJŠE SLOVENSKE SODNE PRAKSE NA PODROČJU PROSTITUCIJSKIH DELIKTOV Leta 2004 je začela veljati novela kazenskega zakonika, ki je na področju prostitucijskih deliktov prinesla veliko spremembo. Zakonodajalec je z namenom združitve takratnih kaznivih dejanj zvodništva in posredovanja pri prostituciji določil novo kaznivo dejanje: zloraba prostitucije. Sodelovanje pri tuji prostituciji je od takrat kaznivo, če je izvršeno »zaradi izkoriščanja«. Gre za nov zakonski znak, ki je zožil polje kaznivosti. Ker je pojem nekoliko nejasen in nedoločen, je in bo naloga sodne prakse, da ga napolni. Proces razlage se je že začel, pri čemer se sodišča sklicujejo na določene elemente, ki naj bi potrjevali obstoj izkoriščanja. V storilčevem ravnanju se na primer išče namen koristoljubnosti. Ni sporno, da storilec pridobiva finančno korist na račun prostitucije, prav tako naj ne bi bila problematična višina premoženjske koristi, ki nastane pri prostituciji, pač pa problem predstavlja način razdelitve zaslužka. Namen koristoljubnosti, ki vodi v ekonomsko izkoriščanje, se po mnenju sodne prakse kaže tudi v nadzoru prostitutkinih zaslužkov. Prostitutka je tudi sicer pod strogim nadzorom osebe, ki sodeluje pri njeni prostituciji z namenom izkoriščanja. Nadzor storilec vrši tako, da sam sprejema klice strank, se z njimi dogovarja o kraju, času in ceni spolnih storitev. Pri kontroli gre lahko še dlje in omejuje prostost in gibanje prostitutke, nadzoruje njeno komunikacijo in podobno. Cilj je vzdrževati stanje podrejenosti prostitutk, pri čemer se poslužuje tudi sile ali groženj. Storilec v odnosu do prostitutke vzpostavlja jasno hierarhijo, svojo dominanco pa potrjuje z zaničevalnimi in nespoštljivimi ravnanji ali komunikacijo. S prostitutko, ki jo izkorišča, ravna kot s »sredstvom za pridobivanje koristi«. Izkoriščanje slabega ekonomskega položaja, v katerem se znajdejo prostitutke, po mnenju sodišč prav tako potrjuje zlorabo prostitucije. Sodna praksa pa kot element izkoriščanja upošteva tudi sodelovanje pri prostituciji, ki predstavlja dalj časa trajajočo in utečeno dejavnost. Sodišča bolj ali manj uspešno opredeljujejo pomen zakonskega znaka »zaradi izkoriščanja«, nikakor pa se razlaga še ni ustalila. Dobro je, da vse bolj presojajo celotno situacijo in okoliščine, v katerih so se znašle prostitutke, in se ne osredotočajo več zgolj na storilčev namen koristoljubnosti. Ključne besede: zloraba prostitucije, izkoriščanje, prostitucija, namen koristoljubnosti, trgovina z ljudmi, seksualno delo

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: zloraba prostitucije, izkoriščanje, prostitucija, namen koristoljubnosti, trgovina z ljudmi, seksualno delo
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-96436
• COBISS.SI-ID: 15816273
• Publication date in RUL: 02.10.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Analysis of Contemporary Judicial Practices on Prostitution Delicts in Slovenia

Abstract

SUMMARY ANALYSIS OF CONTEMPORARY JUDICIAL PRACTICES ON PROSTITUTION DELICTS IN SLOVENIA In 2004 the amending law on the Criminal Code became effective, which introduced a great change in the field of prostitution delicts. The legislator, in order to combine the previous criminal offences of trading in prostitution (»pimping«) and mediation in prostitution, declared a new criminal offence: abuse of prostitution. Cooperation in prostitution of others has been punishable since then if it happens “due to exploitation”. This is a new legal marker which narrowed the field of punishable acts. Since the term is slightly unclear and undefined, it isand will be the role of case law to fill it. The interpretation process has already begun with the courts referring to certain elements which should confirm the existence of exploitation. For example, evidence of self-serving interest is being sought in the offender’s actions. Financial gain from prostitution for the offender is indisputable, as well as the amount of financial gain, while the problem arises with the distribution of said gain. According to case law, the purpose of self-serving interest which leads to economic exploitation is seen in the control of the prostitute’s profits. The prostitute is also controlled in other ways by the person who deals with the prostitution for the purpose of exploitation. Control is enforced by the offender taking the customers’ calls and negotiating with them about the place, time and price of sexual services. Control can extend beyond this to limiting freedom and movement of the prostitute, supervision of communication by the prostitute and so on. The goal is to maintain the state of subordination of prostitutes by using force and/or threats. The offender establishes a clear hierarchy in regard to the prostitute and confirms dominance with contempt and disrespectful actions or communication. The prostitute who is being exploited is being treated as a “means to gain benefits”. The abuse of the poor economic state in which the prostitutes find themselves is also confirmed by courts as abuse of prostitution. Case law also counts cooperation in prostitution as a long-lasting and well established activity as an element of exploitation. The courts are more or less successful in filling up the meaning of the legal marker “due to exploitation”; nevertheless, the explanation has not yet been settled. It is good that the entire situation and circumstances of the prostitutes are being taken into consideration and not only the offender’s purpose of self-serving interest. Key words: abuse of prostitution, exploitation, prostitution, purpose of self-serving interest, human trafficking, sexual labor

• Keywords: abuse of prostitution, exploitation, prostitution, purpose of self-serving interest, human trafficking, sexual labor