Razmerje med moralo in pravom

Čuš, Marjetka (author), Pavčnik, Marijan (mentor)

V svoji magistrski nalogi se posvečam razmerju med moralo in pravom. Opisala sem odnos med moralo in pravom, upoštevajoč njune razlike in povezave ter dve glavni teoriji, ki se že dolgo ukvarjata s tem vprašanjem – pravni pozitivizem in naravno pravo. Pravni pozitivisti zagovarjajo ločitveno tezo prava in morale – pravo je po njihovem mnenju ločeno od morale. Naravno pravo oz. pozneje imenovano bolj ne-pozitivizem pa priznava nujno pojmovno povezavo med pravom in moralo oziroma nujno vez med pravno veljavnostjo in pravno pravilnostjo na eni strani, ter moralno pravilnostjo na drugi strani. Tudi sama se zavzemam za nujno povezanost prava in morale. Nadalje sem se v nalogi ukvarjala z Radbruchom, ki je postavil most med večno nasprotujočima si teorijama naravnega prava in pravnega pozitivizma in znotraj tega formulo (po njem imenovano Radbruchova formula), četudi se ta na žalost v praksi ni veliko uveljavila. Omenjena formula se trudi, da bi pravo našlo pot med pravno varnostjo in pravičnostjo. Na žalost je mnogokrat borba za njeno uveljavitev neuspešna in pravniki zgolj de lege ferenda strmijo k njeni uporabi. Proučevala sem Fullerjevo naravno procesno pravo - zahteve notranje moralnosti prava, ki odražajo odnos med moralo in pravom. Če jih ne upoštevamo, potem nimamo opraviti s slabim pravom, ampak imamo opraviti z nečim, kar sploh ni pravo. Fuller skuša pojasniti pomen moralnosti.Na primeru prakse slovenskih sodišč sem obravnavala temeljne človekove pravice, ki predstavljajo moderno naravno pravo in so bile prenesene v moderne ustave. Temeljne pravice je potrebno spoštovati, k čemur si prizadeva tudi moralna kritika, ki stremi k temu, da je pozitivno pravo v skladu s splošno sprejetimi moralnimi vrednotami.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: razmerje med moralo in pravom, pravičnost, pravni pozitivizem, naravno pravo, ne-pozitivizem, Radbruchova formula, moralnost prava, temeljne človekove pravice, sodna praksa, moralna kritika
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-96276
• COBISS.SI-ID: 15796305
• Publication date in RUL: 28.09.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The relationship between morality and law

Abstract

In my master's thesis, I dedicate myself to the relationship between morality and law. I have described the relationship between morality and law, taking into account their differences and connections, and the two main theories that have long been dealing with this issue - legal positivism and natural law. Legal positivists advocate the separation thesis of law and morality - in their opinion, the law is separate from morality. Natural law later called more non-positivism, it acknowledges the essential conceptual connection between law and morality, or the essential connection between legal validity and legal correctness on the one hand, and moral correctness on the other. I also think that between law and morality there is essential conceptual connection. In addition, I dealt with Radbruch in the task, which laid the bridge between the ever-opposing theories of natural law and legal positivism and within this formula (according to him called Radbruch's formula), even though, unfortunately, in practice, it has not been much established. The formula is trying to find the right way between legal security and justice. Unfortunately, the struggle for its enforcement is often only de lege ferenda. I studied Fuller's natural procedural law - the requirements of the internal morality of law that reflect the relationship between morality and law. If we do not take them into account, then we do not have to deal with bad law, but we have something to do with something that is not right at all. Fuller is trying to explain the importance of morality. In the case of the practice of the Slovenian courts, I dealt with fundamental human rights, which represent modern natural law and have been transferred to modern constitutions. Fundamental rights need to be respected, therefore it is inevitably necessary moral criticism, which seeks to ensure that positive law is in accordance with generally accepted moral values.

• Keywords: The relationship between morality and law, justice, Legal positivism, natural law, non-positivism, Radbruch formula, Morality of Law, basic human rights, judicial practice, Moral criticism.