VPLIV KRIZE NA ZAPOSLENOST ŽENSK V SLOVENIJI IN MEDNARODNA PRIMERJAVA

BENČAN, JANA (author), Aristovnik, Aleksander (mentor)

Svetovna kriza je povzročila padec gospodarske aktivnosti, ta pa je sprožil proces prilagajanja trga dela nižji ravni aktivnosti. Na krizo so se države Evropske Unije odzvale z okrepitvijo aktivnih posegov in reformami na trgu dela. Prav tako se je tudi Slovenija odzvala na slabšanje razmer na trgu dela s sprejemom ukrepov aktivne politike zaposlovanja in pravno ureditvijo. V Sloveniji je kriza v obdobju od leta 2008 do leta 2013 povzročila znižanje stopnje delovne aktivnosti na trgu dela; stopnja pri moških je bila za več kot 10 odstotnih točk višja kot pri ženskah. V letih 2009 in 2010 je stopnja brezposelnosti pri moških presegla stopnjo brezposelnosti pri ženskah, ker so bile prizadete panoge, ki zaposlujejo pretežno moške. V letih 2012 in 2013 je stopnja brezposelnosti odražala dolgoročne trende in je bila višja med ženskami. To stanje je mogoče pripisati sprejetim varčevalnim ukrepom, ki so imeli negativne posledice za ženske. Za obdobje pred krizo in po njej se še vedno kaže izključenost nekaterih skupin, med drugim tudi glede na spol, kljub uveljavljenim zakonom za enake možnosti. Na trgu dela so ženske tiste, ki so diskriminirane, in sicer pri zaposlovanju, pri nekaterih poklicih, pri napredovanju, pri neenakem plačilu, v politiki so v manjšini, najtežje pa se spopadajo z usklajevanjem poklicnega in zasebnega življenja. Stopnja delovne aktivnosti žensk je v Sloveniji v primerjavi z Evropsko Unijo nekoliko boljša. Delež žensk v politiki po svetu počasi narašča, ampak sedanji položaj v večini držav članic Evropske Unije še vedno kaže na prevladujoč položaj moških. V Sloveniji so ženske v manjšini na vodilnih položajih ter v parlamentu. Urad za enake možnosti Republike Slovenije se ukvarja z zagotavljanjem enakosti spolov, enakih zaposlitvenih možnosti, dostopnosti do izobrazbe, možnosti izbire med vsemi poklici ter vstopanjem žensk v politiko. Največje razlike delovne aktivnosti glede na spol v državah Evropske Unije so dosegle Malta, Grčija in Italija. Izredno majhne razlike delovne aktivnosti glede na spol pa so na Finskem in v Litvi, prav tako tudi na Švedskem in v Latviji. Podatki kažejo izboljšanje stanja, saj je opazen napredek na področju enakopravnega zaposlovanja žensk ter njihovega vključevanja na trgu dela.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: zaposlovanje žensk, diskriminacija po spolu, vpliv krize, Slovenija, EU
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: FU - Faculty of Administration
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-96237
• Publication date in RUL: 27.09.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: IMPACT OF CRISIS ON WOMEN'S EMPLOYMENT IN SLOVENIA AND INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON

Abstract

The global crisis caused a decline in economic activity, which triggered the process of adapting the labor market to a lower level of activity. During the crisis, the countries of the European Union responded by strengthening active interventions and reforms on the labor market. Slovenia also responded to the deterioration of the labor market situation by adopting measures of active employment policy and legal regulation. In Slovenia, the crisis in the period of 2008-2013 caused a decrease in the labor market activity rate, while the rate for men was more than 10 percentage points higher than for women. In 2009 and 2010, the unemployment rate in men exceeded the unemployment rate for women, which was due to the fact that there were affected sectors that employ mostly men. In 2012 and 2012, the unemployment rate reflected long-term trends and was higher among women. This situation can be attributed to the adopted austerity measures that had negative consequences for women. For the period before and also after the crisis, the exclusion of some groups, which include among other things the gender, is still evident despite the established equal opportunities laws. On the labor market, women are discriminated in the employment process, in certain professions, in promotion at work, in unequal salaries, they are in minority in politics, and for them, it is most difficult to deal with the reconciliation of professional and private life. The employment rate of women in Slovenia is slightly better in comparison to the European Union. The proportion of women in politics around the world is slowly increasing, but the current situation in most European Union member states shows the dominant position of men. In Slovenia, women are in minority in leading positions and in the parliament. The Office for Equal Opportunities of the Republic of Slovenia is engaged in ensuring gender equality, equal employment opportunities, access to education, the choice of the professions, and the entry of women into politics. Malta, Greece, and Italy have the largest differences of the labor activities on the basis of gender in the countries of the European Union. Extremely small differences of the working activity according to gender are in Finland and in Lithuania, and also in Sweden and in Latvia. The data suggests an improvement of the situation because the progress in the area of equal employment of women and their integration in the labor market is notable.

• Keywords: female employment, gender discrimination, the impact of the crisis, Slovenia, EU