Iz rejništva v vzgojni zavod

Kujavec, Natalija (author), Zrim Martinjak, Nataša (mentor)

rejniških družin v vzgojne zavode. Z rejništvom naj bi bila urejena skrb za otroke oziroma mladostnike, ki zaradi najrazličnejših težav ne morejo živeti v matični družini. V posameznih primerih rejniške družine niso zmožne uresničiti svoje vzgojne funkcije, ki bi otroku oziroma mladostniku omogočala celostni razvoj. V teh primerih vzgojno funkcijo in skrb za otroka oziroma mladostnika prevzamejo vzgojni zavodi, kar pomeni premestitev otroka oziroma mladostnika iz rejništva v institucijo. Osrednji cilj magistrskega dela je raziskati, kako se s problematiko premeščanja otrok oziroma mladostnikov iz rejniških družin v vzgojne zavode spoprijemajo strokovnjaki z omenjenega področja. V teoretičnem delu je opredeljena primarna družbena skupina vsakega posameznika – družina, in njene glavne naloge. Zaradi lažjega razumevanja prehoda iz matične družine v rejniško družino in prehoda iz rejniške družine v vzgojni zavod sta v nadaljevanju obravnavana pojma funkcionalne in disfunkcionalne družine. Sledijo opredelitve rejništva in rejniške dejavnosti ter pogojev za izvajanje rejniške dejavnosti, pri čemer izhajam iz zakonske podlage omenjenega področja. Za tem so opredeljene vloge in naloge rejnika in namestitev otroka oziroma mladostnika v rejniško družino. V nadaljevanju so prikazane vloge in naloge centrov za socialno delo na področju nameščanja otrok oziroma mladostnikov v rejniško družino oziroma vzgojne zavode. V sklepnem teoretičnem delu pa so predstavljeni vzgojni zavodi in navedeni poglavitni razlogi, zakaj nekoga namestijo vanje. V empiričnem delu je uporabljena deskriptivna in kavzalna-neeksperimentalna raziskovalna metoda ter kvalitativni raziskovalni pristop. S pomočjo delno strukturiranih intervjujev sem z vidika treh strokovnih delavk, zaposlenih na centrih za socialno delo, in treh vzgojiteljic, zaposlenih v vzgojnih zavodih, analizirala, kako poteka prehod otrok oziroma mladostnikov iz rejniških družin v vzgojne zavode. Z raziskavo je bilo ugotovljeno, da so dejavniki premeščanja otrok oziroma mladostnikov iz rejniške družine v vzgojne zavode pri posameznem primeru različni. Glede na izjave strokovnjakinj, ki so sodelovale v raziskavi, jih lahko razdelimo na dejavnike, ki izhajajo iz otroka oziroma mladostnika, na dejavnike, izhajajoče iz rejniške družine, ter na dejavnike vzajemne povezanosti. Iz raziskave je razvidno, da se problematika pojavlja predvsem zaradi delne pomanjkljivosti zakonskih predpisov na področju nameščanja v rejniško družino, slabo izobraženih rejnikov s področja čustvenih in vedenjskih težav otrok oziroma mladostnikov ter neustreznega števila strokovnjakov, zaposlenih na centrih za socialno delo. Ključni pogoj za soočanje z omenjeno problematiko je sodelovanje vseh strokovnjakov. Z raziskavo je bilo ugotovljeno, da na vrsto namestitve otroka oziroma mladostnika vpliva njegova starost v času, ko strokovni delavci odločajo o namestitvi.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: premeščanje otrok oziroma mladostnikov iz rejniške družine v vzgojni zavod
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-95821
• COBISS.SI-ID: 11725385
• Publication date in RUL: 22.09.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: From foster care to institutional care

Abstract

The master’s thesis problematizes the question of moving children and adolescents from foster families to residential treatment institutions. Foster care should be a solution for children and adolescents who are from various reasons unable to live in their original family. Foster families are in certain cases incapable of fulfilling its educational function which enables the child’s development. In these instances residential treatment institutions take over child’s wellbeing and education, which means transferring the child or adolescent into an institution. The main goal of the thesis was to research how professionals from the mentioned field, deal with the issue of transferring children and adolescents from foster homes to residential treatment centres. The theoretical part defines the primary social group of every individual – family and its main tasks. For easier understanding of the transition from the original family to a foster family and the transition from a foster family to a residential treatment institution, the terms functional and dysfunctional family are further explained. It is followed by the definition of a foster family and foster care and conditions under which it can take place, based on the legal basis of the mentioned area. Roles and assignments of a foster parent and placement of a child or adolescent into foster family are defined by it. Then we move on to the roles and assignments of centres for social work in regard to placement of children and adolescents into foster homes or residential treatment institutions. The theoretical part is concluded by presentation of residential treatment institutions and a list of main reasons why somebody should be placed into them. Empirical part uses descriptive and causal non-experimental research method and qualitative research approach. I analysed the transition of children or adolescents from foster homes to residential treatment institutions with the help of partially structured interviews from the viewpoint of three professionals employed at the centres for social work and three nursery school teachers employed in residential treatment institutions. Research proved that there are different factors regarding each individual case when placing children or adolescents from foster homes to residential treatment institutions. According to statements from experts who participated in the research, we can divide them into factors that originate from the child or adolescent, factors that originate in the foster family and factors of mutual connection. Research shows that problems arise mostly from partial insufficiencies of the legal statues regarding placement into a foster family, badly educated foster parents from the area of emotional and behavioural troubles of children or adolescents and due to insufficient number of professionals employed at centres for social work. Key solution for the mentioned problem is cooperation of all experts together. Research shows that age of the child or adolescent at the time of placement, influences the type of their placement.

• Keywords: transferring a child or an adolescent from a foster family to a residential treatment institution