Osip med mladimi slovenskimi tekači in tekačicami v atletiki : diplomsko delo

Verbošt, Gregor (author), Škof, Branko (mentor)

Vse zgodnejše ozko usmerjanje otrok v tekmovalni šport (zgodnja specializacija) lahko vodi v predčasno zaključitev športne kariere (osip), še preden posameznik doseže lasten potencial v članskem tekmovalnem športu. Namen diplomskega dela je obravnava problematike osipa mladih športnikov v tekmovalnem športu otrok in mladine. Z raziskavo smo želeli ugotoviti stopnjo osipa med mladimi slovenskimi perspektivnimi tekači ter ugotoviti, koliko pionirjev uspe doseči vidnejše rezultate med člani na nacionalni in mednarodni ravni. Želeli smo preveriti: (1) ali prihaja do razlik v velikosti osipa med starostno skupino pionirji (starost do 15 let) in mlajšimi pionirji (od 11 do 13 let); (2) ali prihaja do razlik v velikosti osipa med obema spoloma; (3) ali se delež v uspešnosti v članski kategoriji razlikuje glede na uspešnost/rezultate posameznikov v pionirski kategoriji. S pregledom pionirskih tablic od leta 1993 do 2011, kjer smo vsako leto za vsako disciplino od 400 m do 10.000 m vzeli 15 najboljših pionirjev, smo dobili vzorec A, ki je zajemal 1731 različnih rezultatov. Na osnovi tega vzorca smo s postopkom filtracije (izločitev posameznikov, ki so se pojavljali večkrat v različnih letih in/ali disciplinah) oblikovali tri različne vzorce. Vzorec B vključuje vsakega posameznika le enkrat; vzorec C pionirje, stare 11-13 let, ki so dosegali kriterije izbora v vzorec A; vzorec D najuspešnejše pionirje in pionirke (10 najboljših v celotnem obdobju izbora za posamezno disciplino). Statistično pomembnost razlik med skupinami smo preverjali z izračunom hi-kvadrat testa. Rezultati raziskave kažejo: (1) Stopnja osipa pionirjev (vzorec B) v tekih na srednje in dolge proge znaša 75 % , v stopnji osipa med vzorci prihaja do statistično značilnih razlik (p ≤ 0,001). Osip med tistimi, ki so bili zelo uspešni že v starosti 11-13 let (vzorec C), znaša 80,1 %, med najbolj elitnimi mladimi tekači (vzorec D) 61,5 %, med tekačicami 49,1 %. (2) V velikosti osipa med spoloma (vzorec D) ni statistično značilnih razlik in tudi ne v deležu najuspešnejših pionirjev oz. pionirk, ki so se uvrstili na velika mednarodna tekmovanja v članski kategoriji. (3) Uspešnost pionirjev glede na mesto v pionirskih tablicah je statistično značilno povezana z uspešnostjo razvoja članske kariere ter z uspešnostjo na nacionalni in mednarodni ravni. Zgodnja specializacija in izgorelost sta zagotovo pomembna razloga velikega osipa med mladimi slovenskimi tekači. Zato je nujno, da se atletski delavci in trenerji zavedajo pomembnosti in povezanosti te problematike ter mladim športnikom omogočajo primerno pot razvoja.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: atletika, tekači, osip pionirjev, tekmovalni šport mladih, razvoj talentov, problemi zgodnje specializacije, Slovenija
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-95761
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5282737
• Publication date in RUL: 21.09.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Dropout rates among young Slovenian runners in athletics

Abstract

Early specialization of young athletes in competitive sports can lead to premature termination of the sports career (dropout) even before they have even reached their own potential competing as seniors. The purpose of the thesis was to deal with the problem of dropout rates among young athletes in competitive sports and to determine how many pioneers have reached more visible results among members on national and international level. The intention was to evaluate: (1) differences in dropout rates between pioneers (age up to 15 years) and younger pioneers (age between 11 and 13 years); (2) differences in dropout rates between men and women athletes; (3) differences in success between pioneer and senior runners. The sample A included 1731 different results which were obtained from pioneer result charts from years 1993 to 2011; from each year, top 15 pioneers were selected for each discipline from 400 m to 10.000 m runs. With the process of filtration of sample A three more sample groups were formed. Sample B included each athlete only once; sample C included pioneers between 11 and 13 years who sufficed the criteria of sample A; sample D included the most successful pioneers (top 10 of the entire period for each discipline). The statistically significant differences among groups were verified by chi-square test. Results of the study showed: (1) Dropout rates of pioneers (sample B) in middle and long distance runs were at 75 % and statistically significant differences were proven (p ≤ 0,001). Dropout rates among athletes aged between 11 and 13 were at 80,1 %, among top young runners (sample D) 61,5 % (boys) and 49,1% (girls). (2) No statistically significant differences for dropout rates between men and women athletes (sample D) nor for top pioneers who competed at international competitions as members were detected. (3) The success of pioneers regarding the place at pioneer result charts was statistically significant with developing a successfull career as a member and with success on national and international level. Early specialization and burnout are two of the most important reasons for huge dropout rates among young Slovenian runners. Thus, coaches and their colleagues must be aware of the importance of that problem and enable an appropriate development path for their young athletes.

• Keywords: athletics, runners, dropout rates pioneers, competitive sports of young athletes, talent development, early specialization problems, Slovenia