Pristopi za trajnejšo odpornost kmetijskih rastlin na škodljivce z uporabo genov iz Bacillus thuringiensis ter z RNA interferenco

Colja, Špela (author), Bohanec, Borut (mentor)

Škodljivci lahko relativno hitro razvijejo odpornost na razne insekticidne snovi in s tem povzročajo velike izgube pridelkov. Piramidanje večih Bt-genov v rastlini, lahko oteži razvoj odpornosti, pod pogojem, da si piramideni geni niso preveč podobni. V nasprotnem primeru se pri žuželkah pojavi navzkrižna odpornost. V izogib temu, lahko uporabimo sintetične (Syn-vip3BR) ali fuzijske gene (Cry2aX1) ali nove Cry in Vip gene namesto trenutno razširjenih (Cry1I, Cry2Af2). Trajnejšo odpornost rastlin se da zagotoviti z RNA interferenco (RNAi). V žuželkah, ki absorbirajo dolgo dvoverižno RNA in imajo dovolj specifične mehanizme v telesu, ki sprožijo proces RNAi, se utiša določen gen. To povzroči upočasnjen in abnormalen razvoj žuželke, poveča občutljivost na zunanje dejavnike ali smrt. V diplomskem delu so predstavljene tudi raziskave, v katerih so kombinirali oba pristopa hkrati, odpornost izzvano z Bt-toksini in RNAi.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: kmetijske rastline, odpornost, škodljivci, žuželke, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bt-toksini, RNAi, piramidanje
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publisher: [Š. Colja]
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-95704
• UDC: 606:631.528(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 8782201
• Publication date in RUL: 21.09.2017

COLJA, Špela, 2017, Pristopi za trajnejšo odpornost kmetijskih rastlin na škodljivce z uporabo genov iz Bacillus thuringiensis ter z RNA interferenco [online]. Bachelor’s thesis. Š. Colja. [Accessed 1 April 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=95704

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Sustainable approaches to insect pests resistant plants: Bacillus thuringiensis genes and RNA interference

Abstract

Development of insect pests resistance is a common problem causing high yield losses. Different modes of insecticidal actions have been proposed to overcome this problem. Pyramiding Bt-gene into one plant, can delay evolution of resistance, under condition that Bt-proteins express low level of similarity. In case of very similar proteins, insects might exhibit cross-resistance. To avoid this, various Bt- toxins expressing genes or synthetic genes (Syn-vip3BR), chimeric (Cry2aX1) or Cry and Vip toxins that are sufficiently different in comparison to those currently used (Cry1I, Cry2Af2). Another approach, RNA interference, can be used as another pest control in plants. Insects that absorb long double stranded RNA and have specific cell machineries to activate the RNAi process, get target gene silenced. Consequences can be: growth inhibition or abnormal growth, higher sensitivity to external factors or death. This paper also describes studies, in which both approaches: Bt-toxins and RNAi, were combined.

• Keywords: crops, resistance, pests, insects, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bt-toxins, RNAi, dsRNA, pyramiding