Navade pitja alkohola, kave, pravih čajev in kajenja med bolniki z internističnimi boleznimi : poročilo o raziskavi

Oštir, Špela (author), Bobnar, Albina (mentor)

Uvod: Pitje alkohola, kave, pravega čaja in kajenja tobačnih izdelkov so navade ljudi po vsem svetu. Vsebujejo dovoljene psihoaktivne snovi, ki nimajo posebne zdravilne vrednosti. Ker so te navade del njihove evolucijske in prehranske dediščine, ni dovolj dokazov glede škodljivosti zaradi njihovega uživanja in povzročanja odvisnosti. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je ugotoviti, v kolikšni meri so prisotne ne/škodljive navade pitja alkohola, kave, pravega čaja in kajenja med bolniki z internističnimi boleznimi. Metode dela: Kvantitativna retrospektivna raziskava temelji na podatkih iz dokumentacij zdravstvene nege izbranih polnoletnih bolnikov z internističnimi boleznimi, ki so jih izpolnili študenti zdravstvene nege na kliničnem usposabljanju v študijskem letu 2013/14 in 2014/15. Podatki Zbirnega lista so bili vneseni v program Microsoft Office Exel in so prikazani v obliki relativnih ter absolutnih frekvenc. Rezultati: Podatki so iz 228 dokumentacij zdravstvene nege bolnikov z internističnimi boleznimi. Od tega je bilo 59 % žensk, 66 % starih nad 60 let, 77 % upokojenih, 52 % doma v mestu in 81 % s srednješolsko izobrazbo ali manj. Največ (40 %) jih je bilo s srčno-žilnimi boleznimi, boleznimi presnove (12 %), krvi in krvotvornih organov (11 %) ter dihal (10 %). Nobene psihoaktivne snovi ni uživalo 10 % bolnikov z internističnimi boleznimi, 63 % jih je pilo alkoholne pijače (54 % zdravju škodljivo), kavo 71 % (1 % zdravju škodljivo), pravi čaj 16 %. Zdravju škodljivo jih je kadilo 14 % in 28 % je bilo bivših kadilcev. Tretjina bolnikov s srčno-žilnimi boleznimi ima zdravju škodljive navade pitja alkohola in/ali kajenja. Razprava in sklep: Rezultati kažejo majhno število upadanja zdravju škodljivega pitja alkohola, kave, pravega čaja in kajenja med bolniki z internističnimi boleznimi. Kljub temu, da ni dokazov, da na njihove navade ne vplivajo internistične bolezni, je verjetno, da so ob pojavu zdravstvenih težav opustili zdravju škodljivo pitja alkohola in kajenja. Ljudje se namreč pri opuščanju škodljivih navad in vzpostavljanja novega življenjskega sloga soočajo s strahovi, zato bi jim bilo potrebno zagotoviti tako programe opuščanja teh zdravju škodljivih navad, kot tudi svetovanja o škodljivosti psihoaktivnih snovi, prednostih ne uživanja psihoaktivnih snovi in osebnih metodah oziroma strategijah opuščanja navad.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: dovoljene psihoaktivne snovi, ne/škodljive navade, internistične bolezni in življenski slog
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-95287
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5299563
• Publication date in RUL: 20.09.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Habits of alcohol, coffee, tea consumption and smoking along patients with internal diseases : research report

Abstract

Introduction: Drinking alcohol, coffee, tea and smoking tobacco products are habits of people all over the world and contain permitted psychoactive substances that do not have a specific healing value. Because these habits are part of their evolutionary and nutritional heritage, there is insufficient evidence of their harmfulness to consuming and causing addiction. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to determine the extent to which non-/harmful drinking habits of drinking alcohol, coffee, tea and smoking are presented among patients with internal diseases. Methods: A quantitative retrospective study is based on data from nursing care documents of adult patients with internal diseases that were gathered by nursing students in clinical training in the academic year 2013/14 and 2014/15. Data Zbirni list were processed with Microsoft Office Exel and are represented in relative and absolute frequences. Results: Data are from 228 nursing care documents of patients with internal diseases. Of this, 59 % were women, 66 % were over 60, 77 % were retired, 52 % lived in the city and 81 % had secondary education or less. Most (40 %) had cardiovascular diseases, metabolic (12 %), blood and blood forming organs (11 %) and respiratory tract diseases (10 %). No psychoactive substances were consumed by 10 % of patients with internal diseases, 63 % were drinking alcoholic beverages (54 % health harmful), 71 % coffee (1 % health harmful), and 16 % tea. 14 % of smokers were harmful to their health and 28 % were former smokers. A third of patients with cardiovascular diseases have bad habits of drinking alcohol and/or smoking. Discussion and conclusion: The results show a small number of declining health-related habits of drinking alcohol, coffee, tea and smoking among patients with internal diseases.Despite the fact that there is no evidence that their habits do not affect internal disease, it is likely that upon the occurrence of health problems to abandon the harmful drinking of alcohol and smoking. People, namely, the withdrawal of harmful habits and the creation of new life style face fears, so it would have been necessary to provide for such programmes out of these harmful health habits, as well as advice on the damaging psychoactive substances, the benefits of not eating psychoactive substances, and personal methods or strategies for the abandonment of the habits.

• Keywords: legal psychoactive substances, harmless and harmful habits, medical diagnosis and lifestyle