Sladkorna bolezen in športna vadba : diplomsko delo

Slana, Laura (author), Dolenc, Maja (mentor)

Diplomska naloga zajema predstavitev in opis sladkorne bolezni, njenih pojavnih oblik, zapletov, zdravljenja, omejitvenih dejavnikov za vadbo ter vzorčni vadbeni program. Sladkorna bolezen je kronična nenalezljiva bolezen, ki je v današnjem svetu vse bolj pogosta. V splošnem jo opredeljujeta dva tipa bolezni in sicer avtoimunski tip 1 ter tip 2, ki je večinoma posledica načina življenja. Poleg tega se pojavljajo še druge oblike sladkorne bolezni, ki lahko izzvenijo. Zdravljenje lahko poteka na več načinov, z inzulinom ali antidiabetiki, predvsem pri tipu 2 pa imata velik pomen tudi prehrana in športna vadba. S sladkorno boleznijo živimo celotno življenje, zato se ob nepravilnem zdravljenju in neupoštevanju prehranskih ter vadbenih smernic pojavljajo zapleti, ki so lahko akutni ali kronični. Akutne zaplete predstavljajo hipoglikemija, diabetična ketoacidoza (DKA) ter diabetični aketotični hiperosmolarni sindrom (DAHS). Kronične zaplete predstavljajo okvare srčno-žilnega sistema, oči in ledvic ter diabetično stopalo. Športna vadba omogoča diabetikom boljše uravnavanje glukoze v krvi, zato je pomembna za vse ne glede na tip bolezni. Potrebno pa je upoštevati njihovo zdravstveno stanje, sodelovanje diabetologa in splošnega zdravnika ter prilagoditev vadbe njihovim težavam. Za sladkorne bolnike je najprimernejša aerobna vadba, saj vključuje velike mišične skupine ter pozitivno vpliva na srce, ožilje, dihalni sistem ter izboljšuje zaznavnost celic na inzulin. Anaerobna vadba teh učinkov nima, vendar je potrebna za ohranjanje mišične moči. Prav tako je potrebna vadba gibljivosti, ki ohranja primerno gibljivost sklepov in mišic. Z diplomsko nalogo smo želeli predstaviti vzorčen program primerne vadbe za diabetike upoštevajoč posameznikovo zdravstveno stanje in dejavnike, ki omogočajo izboljšanje njihove bolezni ter s tem boljše življenje.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: sladkorna bolezen, tip 1, tip 2, vadba diabetikov, omejitveni dejavniki, zapleti sladkorne bolezni
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-95252
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5186481
• Publication date in RUL: 20.09.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Diabetes mellitus and physical activity

Abstract

The thesis includes presentation of diabetes mellitus, types of disease, its complications and treatment, limiting factor for physical activity and example of training units appropriate for diabetics. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease which is growing fast in moderen world. It is defined with two types, type 1 is autoimmune disease, type 2 is mostly caused by our lifestyle. We also know other forms of diabetes which are temporary like pregnancy diabetes. Diabetes cures are different. Type 1 can be only cured by insulin, while type 2 can be cured by antidiabetics and even with appropriate food regime and physical activity. Because diabetes is lifetime disease inappropriate treatement and lack of selfcontrol about food and physical activity can evolve into different complications which can be acute or chronic. Acute syndromes are hypoglycaemia, diabetic ketoacidosis and diabetic acetic hyperosmolar syndrome. Chronic complications are shown as cardiovascular problems, eye and liver diseases and diabetic foot. Physical activity improves control of glucose levels in blood and prevents more chronic complictions but it has to be regulated by patient`s diabetologist and his personal doctor and adapted to his disease. The most appropriate physical activity for diabetes patients is aerobic activity because it includes large muscle groups and improves functions of cardiovascular and respiratory systems. It also improves sensibility of target celles for insulin. Anaerobic activity does not have such effects but it is important too because it improves muscle strenght. Excercises for flexibilty are also important because they preserve flexibility of joints and muscles. With this thesis we wanted to present an example of training units that are appropriate for diabetes patients taking into account their limiting factors so we could improve their life with diabetes.

• Keywords: diabetes mellitus, type 1, type 2, physical activity of diabetics, limiting factors, complications of diabetes mellitus