Vpliv kompostiranja na kaljivost pelinolistne žvrklje (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) : diplomsko delo

Bočaj, Valentina (author), Strgulc-Krajšek, Simona (mentor)

Pelinolistna žvrklja ali ambrozija (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) je severnoameriška invazivna tujerodna vrsta, ki s svojo prisotnostjo povzroča okoljske in zdravstvene težave. Pelinolistno žvrkljo so lastniki zemljišč po Odredbi o ukrepih za zatiranje škodljivih rastlin iz rodu Ambrosia iz leta 2010, zavezani odstranjevati. Preden žvrklja plodi, lahko izruvane ali pokošene rastline kompostiramo ali odvržemo v zabojnike za organske odpadke. V raziskavi nas je zanimalo, kako kompostiranje in povišana temperatura, kateri so izpostavljeni organski odpadki med predelavo, vplivata na kaljivost semen žvrklje. Plodeče rastline pelinolistne žvrklje smo nabrali jeseni ob glavni železniški postaji v Ljubljani (Slovenija). Plodove (oreške, ki vsebujejo po eno seme) smo izpostavili naslednjim tretmajem: doma izdelan kompostnik, temperature 50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C in 100 °C. Kontrolno skupino so predstavljali plodovi, shranjeni na sobni temperaturi. Po končanem tretiranju smo plodove položili za en mesec v hladilnik. Nato smo plodove površinsko sterilizirali in izvedli kalitveni preizkus v petrijevkah na vlažnem filter papirju. Kaljivost smo spremljali tri tedne. Poskus smo zaradi slabe kaljivosti dvakrat ponovili in v drugi ponovitvi semena po določenem času prenesli iz petrijevk v kalilnik s prstjo. Odstotek kaljivosti je bil v prvi ponovitvi največji pri kontrolni skupini, nato pri tretmaju s 50 °C, najmanjši odstotek kaljivosti je bil v kompostniku. V ostalih temperaturnih tretmajih ni vzklilo nobeno seme. V drugi ponovitvi je bil največji odstotek kaljivosti v kompostniku, sledila je kontrolna skupina in nazadnje tretma 50 °C. Po prenosu semen na kalilnike s prstjo so na novo vzklila tri semena: dve iz kontrolne skupine, eno iz tretmaja s 50 °C. Iz rezultatov sklepamo, da semena preživijo kompostiranje v domačih kompostnikih, pri predelavi organskih odpadkov pa mora biti presežena temperatura 50 °C, da semena uničimo, kar je v skladu s predpisom.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: ambrozija, invazivne tujerodne vrste
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Publisher: [V. Stojilković]
• Year: 2017
• Number of pages: V f., 30 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-95180
• UDC: 58(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 11702089
• Publication date in RUL: 19.09.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The influence of composting on germination of Ambrosia artemisiifolia seeds

Abstract

Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is a North American invasive alien species, which causes environmental and health problems. By virtue of the Slovenian law, landowners are committed to eliminate the plant. Before common ragweed becomes fertile, it is allowed to compost or throw away (into organic waste) the uprooted and mown plants. The main goal of the study was to examine the effect of composting and elevated temperatures which appear during the processing of the organic waste on the seeds. Fertile common ragweed plants were uprooted in the autumn, near the Ljubljana Railway Station (Slovenia). The plant fruits (nuts, containing one seed) were exposed to following treatments: a homemade composter along with 5 temperature treatments; 50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C and 100 °C. The control group were the fruits preserved at room temperature. After the treatments, the fruits were put in the refrigerator for one month. After a superficial sterilisation of the seeds, a germination test was performed in petri dishes on moist filter paper. Germination of the seeds was surveilled for a period of three weeks. Due to the low germination rate, the test was performed again. After a given time in the second test, the seeds were transfered from petri dishes to a seed germinator containing soil. The germination rate within the first test was the highest in the control group, followed by the 50 °C treatment. The lowest germination rate in the first test was in the composter. In other temperature treatments, there were no seeds that germinated. In the second test, the highest germination rate was achieved in the composter, followed by the control group and lastly the temperature treatment of 50 °C. After the transfer of the seeds to the germinator with soil, another 3 seeds germinated: two from the control group and one from the 50 °C treatment. From the results of the experiment we can conclude that the seeds survive composting in the homemade composter. During the processing of organic waste, however, the temperature of 50 °C should be exceeded so that the seeds are destroyed, which is in accordance with the regulation.

• Keywords: botany, botanika