Prisotnost mikroorganizmov, črnega ogljika in ogljikovega dioksida v zraku notranjih prostorov vrtcev v Zasavju : magistrsko delo

Rejc, Tanja (author), Godič Torkar, Karmen (mentor), Kukec, Andreja (comentor), Bizjak, Mirko (comentor)

Uvod: Kakovost notranjega zraka je odvisna od kemičnih, bioloških ter fizikalnih dejavnikov. Z zrakom se prenašajo številni mikroorganizmi, ki lahko predstavljajo vir okužbe. Črni ogljik lahko, kot pomembno onesnaževalo ozračja, vpliva na klimatske spremembe v okolju in na zdravje ljudi. Visoke koncentracije ogljikovega dioksida (CO2) v notranjem zraku vplivajo na slabše počutje, zmanjšajo možnost koncentracije ter vplivajo na učno uspešnost učencev. Namen: Spremljati koncentracijo mikroorganizmov (skupnega števila, gliv, stafilokokov in enterobakterij), črnega ogljika ter CO2 v notranjem ter zunanjem zraku vrtcev v Zasavju. Metode dela: Vzorčenje zraka za mikrobiološke preiskave smo izvedli z vzorčevalnikom zraka MAS-100. Hkrati smo z mikrobiološkimi meritvami merili tudi koncentracije črnega ogljika (Aethalometer TM) in ogljikovega dioksida (Testo 535). Meritve smo izvajali v vseh štirih sezonah. Beležili in merili smo tudi temperaturo in relativno zračno vlago, število oseb v prostoru ter načine prezračevanja. Rezultati: Najvišja koncentracija skupnega števila mikroorganizmov v notranjem in zunanjem zraku je bila poleti (1360 cfu m-3), najnižja pa jeseni (740 cfu m-3). Najvišja koncentracija gliv v notranjem in zunanjem zraku je bila poleti (1510 cfu m-3), najnižja pa pozimi (230 cfu m-3). Najpogosteje so se v vzorčenem zraku pojavile glive iz rodov Cladosporium, Penicillium ter Aspergillus. Povprečna koncentracija črnega ogljika je bila najvišja v zimskem času, tako v notranjem (859 ng m-3) kot zunanjem zraku (981 ng m-3). Najvišja izmerjena koncentracija CO2 v notranjem zraku je bila 2570 ppm. Najvišje povprečje koncentracij CO2 v notranjem zraku (1716 ppm) je bilo spomladi. Razprava in sklep: Povprečne koncentracije posameznih vrst mikroorganizmov v notranjem in zunanjem zraku so se razlikovale glede na letni čas. Koncentracije stafilokokov in enterobakterij so bile višje v notranjem kot v zunanjem zraku, saj ljudje v prostorih predstavljamo vir teh mikroorganizmov. V prostorih niso bili prisotni viri gliv, ki bi doprinesli k višjim koncentracijam v notranjem zraku. Koncentracije črnega ogljika v zraku so bile čez vikend nižje kot med tednom. Koncentracije CO2, ki smo jih izmerili v notranjem zraku vrtcev so bile nižje od dopustne meje 3000 ppm, ki je določena s pravilnikom o prezračevanju in klimatizaciji stavb.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: kakovost notranjega zraka, glive v zraku, koncentracije bakterij v zraku, črni ogljik, ogljikov dioksid
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-93884
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5287531
• Publication date in RUL: 19.07.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Indoor appearence of microorganisms, aerosols of black carbon and carbon dioxide in Zasavje kindergartens : master degree work

Abstract

Introduction: Indoor air quality depends on chemical, biological and physical pollutants. Several different pathogen microorganisms can be transmitted through the air. As a significant pollutant black carbon can contribute to climate change and human health. High concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in indoor air can cause malaise, headaches, reduced ability to concentrate and can affect the academic achievement of pupils. Purpose: The aim of our study was to evaluate appearance of microorganisms (total aerobic microbial count, fungi, Staphylococcus sp. and Enterobacteriaceae sp.), aerosol black carbon and CO2 in indoor and outdoor air of kindergartens in Zasavje region. Methods: Microbiological samples were taken with MAS-100 air sampler. The temperature, the relative humidity, the number of people in the room and ventilation types as well as concentration of black carbon (Aethalometer TM) and carbon dioxide (Testo 535) were measured simultaneously with microbiological tests. Samples were collected during all four seasons. Results: The highest mean concentration of total aerobic microbial count in indoor and outdoor air was in summer (1510 cfu m-3), the lowest mean concentration was in autumn (740 cfu m-3). The highest mean concentration of fungi in indoor and outdoor air was in summer (1510 cfu m-3), the lowest mean concentration was in winter (230 cfu m-3). Cladosporium, Penicillium and Aspergillus were the most common detected fungi in indoor and outdoor air. The highest mean concentration of black carbon in indoor air (859 ng m-3) as well as in outdoor air (981 ng m-3) was in winter. The highest measured concentration of CO2 in indoor air was 2570 ppm. The highest mean concentration in indoor air (1716 ppm) was in spring. Discussion and conclusion: The mean concentration of each species of microorganisms in indoor and outdoor air differ from season to season. Because people are the source of Staphylococcus sp. and Enterobacteriaceae sp., concentrations of these microorganisms were higher in indoor compared to outdoor air. Fungal sources, which could contributed to higher concentrations in indoor air, were not present in the rooms. Concentrations of black carbon in air were lower during weekends compared to week days. All measured concentrations of CO2 in indoor air were lower than regulated 3000 ppm limit by legal standard.

• Keywords: indoor air quality, fungal aerosols, bacterial aerosols, aerosolized black carbon, carbon dioxide