Vloga medicinske sestre pri pooperativni zdravstveni negi starostnikov : pregled literature

Stokić, Valentina (author), Sazonov, Amalija (mentor)

Uvod: Medicinske sestre in zdravstveni delavci na splošno so iz geriatričnega področja strokovno pomanjkljivo usposobljeni, zato lahko pride do nepričakovanih zapletov pri njihovi pooperativni zdravstveni obravnavi. Namen: Naš namen je bil preučiti in predstaviti posebnosti, ki vplivajo na okrevanje starostnikov po operaciji in na katere bi morale biti medicinske sestre in ostalo zdravstveno osebje bolj pozorni. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo s pregledom literature. Pri iskanju literature smo uporabili literaturo od leta 2001 do 2017. Literatura je bila iskana v angleškem jeziku s ključnimi besedami: postoperative health care AND perioperative care elderly AND postoperative nursing AND gerioperative nursing v podatkovih bazah CINAHL, Science Direct, Google scholar, PubMed in COBISS. V analizo smo vključili 20 člankov. Rezultati: Starostniki na bolečino niso bolj občutljivi, so pa bolj občutljivi na zdravila, tako da je potrebno prilagoditi količino opiata v kombinaciji s periferno delujočim analgetikom. Pri odpustu iz bolnišnice trpi zaradi pooperativnih kognitivnih motenj kar 30–41 % pacientov. Na razvoj psihosomatskih obolenj po operaciji pri starostnikih vplivajo določeni dejavniki pred operacijo, zdravila in različni dejavniki med operacijo in po operaciji. Razprava in zaključek: Starejši potrebujejo veliko naše zdravstvene podpore in skrbi s ponavljajočimi navodili, usmerjanji in nenehno motivacijo. Največji vpliv na okrevanje in občutek pacientov, da so v varnih rokah, ima pozornost, skrb, upoštevanje navodil kirurgov in dobra navodila negovalnega osebja. Zdravstveno osebje bi moralo bolj sistematično ocenjevati stres pacientov in bolečino ter jim izboljšati bolnišnično izkušnjo. Glede na vsa dejstva predpostavljamo in zaključujemo, da bi bilo za paciente bolj koristno in za zdravstvo ceneje, če bi se osebje in bližnji bolj informirali in izobraževali o posebnostih pooperativne zdravstvene nege ter se pogovorili o občutkih in čustvih starostnikov v občutljivem pooperativnem obdobju in poskrbeli za sproščanje, preden bi jih poslali na dodatne preiskave.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, geriatrično področje, pooperativno obdobje, bolečina, čustva
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [V. Stokić]
• Year: 2017
• Number of pages: 20 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-93048
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5291627
• Publication date in RUL: 18.07.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Role of nurse in postoperative nursing care of elderly people : literature review

Abstract

Introduction: The professional qualification of nurses and health professionals from geriatric areas is poor, and can lead to complications in the medical treatment of the elderly when they are hospitalized. Purpose: Our aim was to examine and present specific features that influence on the recovery of elderly people, and to which the nurses and the other medical staff should pay more attention. Methods: In this thesis, we used a descriptive method with a systematic review of the literature. In search of the literature was used literature namely from 2001 to 2017. The literature was searched in English with keywords postoperative health care AND perioperative care elderly AND postoperative nursing AND gerioperative nursing in databases CINAHL, Science Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed and COBISS. The analysis included 20 articles. Results: Elderly are not more sensitive to pain, but they are more sensitive to drugs, so the required amount of an opiate, in combination with a peripherally acting analgesic should be adjusted. When discharged from the hospital, 30-41% of patients suffer from post-operative cognitive disorders. The psychosomatic disorders after surgery develop because of some medicines and various factors during surgery and after surgery. Discussion and conclusion: Elderly need a lot of our medical support and care, with repeated instruction, guidance and constant motivation. The biggest impact on patients recovery is the feeling that they are in safe hands, the attention, care, adherence surgeons and good advice of nursing stuff. Medical personnel should more systematically assess patients stress and pain, and improve their hospital experience. In the light of all the facts, we assume and conclude that it would be more useful for the patients and cheaper for the heath care if staff would be more informed and educated about the specifics of post-operative care and talk about feelings and emotions with the elderly in sensitive postoperative period and take care for their release, before sending them to further investigations.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nursing care, geriatric field, postoperative period, pain, emotions