Direktiva EU o pravici do tolmačenja in prevajanja in njena implementacija v slovensko kazensko pravno zakonodajo

Sterle, Petra (author), Šugman Stubbs, Katja (mentor)

Direktiva 2010/64/EU o pravici do tolmačenja in prevajanja v kazenskih postopkih določa skupna minimalna pravila, ki se uporabljajo na področju tolmačenja in prevajanja v kazenskem postopku, z namenom krepitve medsebojnega zaupanja med državami članicami EU. Cilj Direktive je predvsem zagotoviti, da osumljenci oziroma obdolženci, ki ne govorijo ali ne razumejo jezika kazenskega postopka, prejmejo ustrezno brezplačno jezikovno pomoč, saj je nujno potrebno, da se jim omogoči uveljavljanje pravice do obrambe »v polni meri« in da se pri tem zagotovi poštenost postopka. Pravica do uporabe svojega jezika v slovenskem pravnem redu je bila zagotovljena že pred implementacijo Direktive, a določbe niso bile opredeljene tako natančno, kot to določa Direktiva. S prenosom Direktive, konkretno s spremembo Zakona o kazenskem postopku (ZKP-M), je izrecno določeno, da v kazenskih postopkih tolmačijo in prevajajo sodni tolmači, pravica do uporabe svojega jezika pa je postala del pouka o pravicah osebe, ki ji je odvzeta prostost. Osumljenci oziroma obdolženci imajo poleg pravice do uporabe svojega jezika tudi pravico do prevoda bistvenih dokumentov. Priprtemu obdolžencu je potrebno, na njegovo zahtevo ali zahtevo njegovega zagovornika, zagotoviti tolmačenje za zaupni pogovor obdolženca z odvetnikom. Če tolmačenje ali prevajanje ni ustrezno ali če to ni zagotovljeno, ker po oceni pristojnih organov ni potrebno, lahko osumljenec ali obdolženec vloži ugovor, v določenih primerih pa je njegova pravica varovana tudi s pritožbo zoper sodbo.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Direktiva 2010/64/EU, tolmačenje, prevajanje, jezik kazenskega postopka, sodni tolmač, kakovost tolmačenja, procesne pravice, pravica do obrambe.
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-92809
• COBISS.SI-ID: 15705681
• Publication date in RUL: 04.07.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The Directive EU on the right to interpretation and translation in its implementation into Slovenian criminal law

Abstract

The Directive 2010/64/EU on the right to interpretation and translation in criminal proceedings lays down common minimum rules to be applied in the fields of interpretation and translation in criminal proceedings with a view to enhancing mutual trust among EU Member States. The aim of the Directive is, in particular, to ensure that suspected or accused persons who do not speak or understand the language of the criminal proceedings receive free and adequate linguistic assistance, since it is absolutely necessary to allow them fully to exercise their right of defence and to safeguard the fairness of the proceedings. The right to use one's language had already been guaranteed in the Slovenian legal order before the implementation of the Directive, however, the provisions were not defined as precisely as stipulated in the Directive. With the implementation of the Directive, or more specifically, with the amendment of the Criminal Procedure Act (ZKP-M), it is explicitly stipulated that translation and interpretation in criminal proceedings must be performed by court interpreters and the right to use one's language has become part of the right of the persons deprived of their liberty to be informed about their rights. In addition to the right to use their language, suspected or accused persons also have the right to translation of essential documents. Upon a request of the accused person deprived of his/her liberty or his/her lawyer, an interpreter must be provided for the confidential communication between the accused person and his/her lawyer. If the interpretation or translation is not adequate or if it is not provided because the competent authorities find that it is not needed, the suspected or accused person may challenge this finding, and in some cases his/her right is also protected by the possibility of lodging an appeal against the judgment.

• Keywords: Directive 2010/64/EU, interpretation, translation, the language of the criminal proceeding, court interpreter, the quality of interpretation, procedural rights, right to defense.