Državne pomoči bankam v Republiki Sloveniji v času krize

Hodošček, Katja (author), Simoneti, Marko (mentor)

V magistrski nalogi je predstavljen kritičen pogled na način izvedbe sanacije bank v Republiki Sloveniji. Problematizirana je predvsem zakonitost in ustavnost ukrepa prenehanja kvalificiranih obveznosti. V tem pogledu se kaže kot sporna ocenitev kapitalskega primanjkljaja v bankah, saj je pregled kakovosti sredstev temeljil na vhodnih podatkih in predpostavkah, ki so javnosti zelo pomanjkljivo predstavljeni, hkrati pa se je Banka Slovenije s cenilci pogajala, katera metoda naj bo uporabljena. Nekatere terjatve bank pri oceni kapitalskega primanjkljaja niso bile upoštevane, kar je pomembno vplivalo na ugotovljeno višino negativnega kapitala. Izvedbi pregleda kakovosti sredstev so sledili stresni testi, ki so temeljili na izjemno ostrem hipotetičnem makroekonomskem scenariju. Ta je predvideval tako težke spremenljivke glede gospodarske aktivnosti, cen nepremičnin in zaposlenosti, kot v Sloveniji vse od začetka njenega obstoja še niso bile podane. Izpolnitev predpostavljenega scenarija je bila na robu verjetnosti in se tudi ni uresničila. Čeprav je Ustavno sodišče pritrdilo ustavnosti ugotavljanja vrednosti kvalificiranih obveznosti na način, da se oceni njihova višina ob predpostavki nedelujočega podjetja, je ta predpostavka spoznana v magistrskem delu za neustrezno, saj so tako privilegirani ostali upniki bank, hkrati pa imetnikom kvalificiranih obveznosti niso zagotovljene pravice, ki jih daje stečajna zakonodaja. Po eni izmed študij bi ob korektno opravljenem vrednotenju sredstev bank in kvalificiranih obveznosti bili imetniki kvalificiranih obveznosti v NLB in Celjski banki poplačani v celoti, v NKBM in Abanki pa vsaj delno. Navedeno so ključni razlogi za obstoj dvoma o pravilnosti izvedbe ukrepa prenehanja kvalificiranih obveznosti in bistvo vseh nadaljnjih ugotovitev v tem magistrskem delu.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: banke – prenehanje kvalificiranih obveznosti – finančna kriza – pravica do sodnega varstva – državne pomoči – načelo porazdelitve bremen – skrbni pregled bank
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-92758
• COBISS.SI-ID: 15688785
• Publication date in RUL: 03.07.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: State Aid to Banks in the Republic of Slovenia during the Financial Crisis

Abstract

The Master's thesis presents a critical review of the manner in which the banks’ recovery in The Republic of Slovenia were carried out, foremost, the lawfulness and constitutionality of the measure of the cessation of the qualifying liabilities. In this sense we can see as the controversial review of the capital deficit in the banks, since the Asset Quality Review was based on the input data and assumptions, which have been very insufficiently presented to the public, while at the same time The Bank of Slovenia negotiated with the asset valuers about which method should be used. Some claims have not been taken into consideration in the assessment of the banks’ capital shortfall, which significantly influenced the amount of negative capital ascertained. The execution of the Asset Quality Review was followed by the stress tests, which were based on an extremely strict hypothetical macroeconomic scenario, which anticipated difficult variables regarding economic activities, prices of the real assets and employment, such as haven’t been introduced since the beginning of Slovenia’s existence. The carrying out of the assumed scenario was on the fringe of possibility and was not realised. Even though the Constitutional Court agreed with the constitutionality of the amount of the qualified liabilities in a way where their amount was assessed with the assumption of a non-functional company, this assumption is recognised as unsuitable in the Master’s thesis. The other creditors namely stayed privileged and at the same time the holders of the qualifying liabilities did not have rights, ascertained by the bankruptcy legislation. According to one of the studies, if the banks’ Asset Quality Review and qualifying liabilities had been performed properly, the holders of the qualifying liabilities at NLB and Banka Celje would have been compensated entirely and in NKBM and Abanka at least partially. The stated are key reasons for the existence of doubt regarding the regularity of the procedures of the qualifying obligations’ cessation and a basis for all the further findings in this Master’s thesis.

• Keywords: banks – cessation of qualified liabilities – financial crisis – the right to apply to the courts – state aid – the principle of burden-sharing – due diligence in banks