Vrtanje in miniranje v bližini visokonapetostnih daljnovodov

Sladič, Andrej (author), Dervarič, Evgen (mentor)

V kamnolomu pridobivajo različne kamene agregate. Pridobivanje le teh poteka z mehanskim lomljenjem hribin. Ob potrebi večjih količin tehničnega kamenja za hitrejše pridobivanje uporabljajo kemično lomljenje z uporabo gospodarskih razstreliv. Razstreliva so kemične sestavine, ki ob detonaciji eksplodirajo. Poznamo več vrst gospodarskih razstreliv. Ena najvarnejših so emulzijska razstreliva. Za začetno detonacijo uporabljajo različna vžigalna sredstva. Najpogosteje uporabljena metoda je metoda razstreljevanja z električnimi detonatorji. Njihova prednost je velika varnost in je z njimi mogoče aktivirati večje število min. Sistem masovnega miniranja z električnimi detonatorji uporabljamo tam, kjer nam okolica to dovoljuje. Sestavljajo ga električni detonator, električni vžigalni strojček, kabli za vžiganje min ter razstrelivo. Razstreliva vstavljajo v prej izvrtane minske vrtine. Vrtine se izvrtajo z vrtalnimi garniturami z udarnim vrtanjem, rotacijskim vrtanjem ali kombinacijo obeh. Vrtine so različnih premerov, najpogosteje 64 mm in 74 mm. V kamnolomu Laže – 1 za pridobivanje tehničnega kamna uporabljajo masovno miniranje z električnimi detonatorji. S hidravličnimi vrtalnimi garniturami izvrtajo minske vrtine, v katere polnijo emulzijsko razstrelivo Emulex. Posebnost kamnoloma je, da leži ob visokonapetostnem daljnovodu. Zaradi bližine le tega imajo več varnostnih pasov z določenimi omejitvami. V nalogi sem prikazal in dokazal, da je možno pridobivanje mineralnih surovin v neposredni bližini daljnovodov ob upoštevanju varnostnih omejitev, dolgoletnih izkušenj in dobro izobraženega kadra.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Ključne besede: kamnolom, vrtanje, miniranje, električni detonatorji, visokonapetostni daljnovod, varnost.
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: NTF - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-92680
• Publication date in RUL: 27.06.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Drilling and blasting near high-voltage power lines

Abstract

Quarries are used for the extraction of different stone aggregates through mechanical attack. When the demand for stone aggregates is higher, blasting with industrial explosives is the method of choice. Explosives are chemical components that explode upon detonation. There are several kinds of industrial explosives, one of the safest being emulsion explosives. The initial detonation can be set off with different initiating devices, the most frequently chosen method being electric detonators. Their main advantage is that they are extremely safe and they can be used to activate a large number of mines. The mass blasting system with electric detonators is used in areas where the surroundings allow it. They are made up of an electric detonator, electric blasting machine, cables, and explosives. The explosives are placed in boreholes that are prepared in advance. Drilling equipment is used to create the boreholes, either through direct push drilling, rotary drilling, or a combination of the two. The boreholes usually measure 64 or 74 millimeters in diameter. The Laže - 1 Quarry uses large-scale blasting with electric detonators to extract technical stone. The boreholes are created with hydraulic drilling equipment and filled with Emulex, an emulsion explosive. A special feature of this quarry is that it is located next to a high-voltage power line. Because of the power line’s proximity there are several safety zones with certain restrictions. In this thesis I demonstrated that mineral resources extraction is possible in the immediate proximity of high-voltage powerlines if safety restrictions, long-standing experience, and well-educated personnel are taken into account.

• Keywords: Key words: quarry, drilling, blasting, electric detonators, high-voltage power line, safety.