Primerjava različnih tehnoloških postopkov čiščenja komunalnih odpadnih voda za KČN

Menih, Matevž (author), Drev, Darko (mentor), Dermol, Urška (comentor), Krzyk, Mario (comentor)

V komunalnih čistilnih napravah potekajo procesi čiščenja v treh stopnjah: primarni, sekundarni in terciarni. Sekundarna, ki jo imenujemo tudi biološka, temelji na aerobni in anaerobni razgradnji mikroorganizmov. Prav sekundarna stopnja je lahko izvedena v različnih izvedbah, in sicer kot sistem s pritrjeno in sistem z razpršeno biomaso. Med sisteme z razpršeno biomaso (aktivno blato) sodita tudi sekvenčni biološki reaktor (angl. SBR – sequencing batch reactor) in membranski biološki reaktor (angl. MBR – membrane bio reactor), ki je nadgradnja klasičnega oz. konvencionalnega sistema. Namen magistrskega dela je primerjava tehnologij čiščenja na komunalni čistilni napravi za odpadno vodo velikosti 8000 PE. Primerjali smo tehnologijo SBR in tehnologijo MBR. Na podlagi literature smo se seznanili z delovanjem čistilnih naprav, osnovnih principov in tehnologij čiščenja odpadnih voda. Izračuna paramatrov iz dimenzionirane čistilne naprave sta sledila smernici ATV-DVWK-A 131E. Za dimenzioniranje smo uporabili program za dimenzioniranje čistilnih naprav Aqua Designer podjetja BITControl GmbH, ki uporablja zgoraj omenjeno smernico. Tehnologiji sta že uveljavljeni in se v svetu pogosto uporabljata. V nalogi so predstavljene prednosti in slabosti posamezne tehnologije ter ključne razlike pri dimenzioniranju in izračunih na podlagi obravnavane čistilne naprave. V nalogi so predstavljene ugotovitve, da je velikost biološkega reaktorja odvisna od koncentracije aktivnega blata. Pri MBR tehnologiji je lahko koncentracija aktivnega blata večja kot pri tehnologiji SBR, zaradi tega je volumen biološkega reaktorja bistveno manjši. Od velikosti bazena sta odvisna tudi količina in moč puhal in mešal. Kvaliteta vode na iztoku iz čistilne naprave je boljša pri MBR, saj je vrednost mejnih parametrov bistveno pod mejno vrednostjo. Obratovalni stroški so zaradi porabe električne energije puhal in črpalk, ki so potrebni za čiščenje membran pri MBR tehnologiji, višji. Se pa membranska tehnologija čiščenja v svetu vedno bolj uveljavlja zaradi optimiziranja čiščenja, materialov membran in dostopnosti cen membranskih modulov, zato je pričakovati, da bo šlo čiščenje odpadnih voda v smeri čiščenja z membransko tehnologijo.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Komunalna čistilna naprava, MBR, SBR, ATV-DVWK-A 131E
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FGG - Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering
• Publisher: [M. Menih]
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-92640
• UDC: 628.32(043.3)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 8096097
• Publication date in RUL: 23.06.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The comparison of different technological procedures of wastewater treatment for WWTP

Abstract

The processes of cleaning water in wastewater treatment plants occur in three stages: primary, secondary and tertiary. The secondary, also known as biological, is based on aerobic and anaerobic degradation of microorganisms. This secondary cycle can be carried out in various executions, namely as a system with attached and as a system with dispersed biomass. The system with dispersed biomass (activated sludge) is comprised out of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and a membrane bio reactor (MBR), which is an upgrade of the classical or conventional. The purpose of the master thesis is the comparison of cleaning technologies for wastewater treatment plants in size of 8000 people equivalent (PE). We compared SBR technology and MBR technology. We are familiar with the operation of wastewater treatment plants, basic principles and technologies of wastewater treatment based on the literature. Calculation parameters of designing the treatment plant followed the guidelines of ATV DVWK-A 131E. For the design, we used the program for designing wastewater treatment plants Aqua Designer by company BITControl GmbH, which uses the above-mentioned guideline. Technologies are already established and widely used. The paper presents the advantages and disadvantages of each technology and key differences in designing and calculations on the basis of the discussed wastewater treatment plant. The paper presents the findings, namely, that the size of the biological reactor is dependent on the concentration of activated sludge. In MBR technology, the concentration of the activated sludge is greater compared to SBR technology and because of this, the volume of the biological reactor is significantly lower. The size of the pool depends on the amount and strength of blowers and mixers. The quality of the effluent is better using MBR technology, as the value of the limit parameters is significantly below the threshold value. Operating costs are higher using MBR technology because of the electricity consumption of blowers and pumps, which are necessary for cleaning the membranes. Furthermore, the membrane water treatment technology is increasingly gaining recognition due to the optimizing treatment, the membrane materials and the affordable prices of membrane modules.

• Keywords: Wastewater treatment plant, MBR, SBR, ATV-DVWK-A 131E