Pojem delavca v pravu Evropske unije

Klobas, Katja (author), Tičar, Luka (mentor)

V obsežni zakonodaji Evropske unije ni enotnega, splošno veljavnega pojma delavec. Zato poskuša ta pojem oblikovati Sodišče Evropske unije skozi bogato sodno prakso. Pri tem izhaja iz temeljne svoboščine prostega gibanja oseb oziroma natančneje prostega gibanja delavcev, ki je opredeljeno v členu 45 PDEU. Iz omenjenega člena in primarne ter sekundarne zakonodaje EU izhajajo številne pravice vezane na status delavca. Med njimi je v prvi vrsti prepoved diskriminacije delavcev iz drugih držav članic v primerjavi z domačimi delavci, saj je le na ta način mogoče zagotoviti uspešno uresničevanje pravice prostega gibanja delavcev. Omenjena pravica je poleg ekonomske tudi osebna kategorija. Zato pri tem ne gre samo za delavce, ampak tudi za družinske člane in osebe, ki so odvisne od delavcev. Tudi njim se priznava določene pravice vezane na status delavca. Poleg tega, se je z Maastrichto pogodbo in uvedbo državljanstva Unije ekonomski koncept prostega gibanja oseb (ekonomsko aktivnih posameznikov) razširil tudi na ekonomsko neaktivne posameznike. Sodišče Evropske unije v bogati sodni praksi izpostavi, da ima pojem delavec univerzalni skupnostni pomen in ga zato države članice ne smejo oblikovati same, saj bi zaradi različnih definicij lahko razvodenele varstvo, ki ga pravo EU nudi posameznim kategorijam oseb. S tem si Sodišče Evropske unije pridržuje izključno pravico do oblikovanja omenjenega pojma. Pri tem se pojavlja ključno vprašanje ali si SEU s tem pušča odprta vrata pri razlagi definicije delavca tako, da jo prilagaja spreminjajoči se socialni, ekonomski in politični klimi v EU, ter ali to posamezniku nudi zadostno pravno varstvo. Pri oblikovanju definicije delavca si Sodišče Evropske unije pomaga s presojanjem različnih vsebinskih konceptov (plačila za delo, namena zaposlitve, dejanskega in resničnega opravljanja dela, ipd.) in tristopenjskim Lawrie-blum testom, iz katerega izhajajo kriteriji za opredelitev delavca.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Svoboda gibanja oseb, prosto gibanje delavcev, temeljne svoboščine EU, pojem delavca, 45. člen PDEU, prepoved diskriminacije.
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-92616
• COBISS.SI-ID: 15668561
• Publication date in RUL: 21.06.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The concept of worker in European Union law

Abstract

The European Court of Justice is trying to create a single, generally valid concept of worker through the rich jurisprudence, as in comprehensive EU legislation it does not yet exist, taking as basis the fundamental freedom of free movement of persons, or more specifically the free movement of workers, which is defined in Article 45 TFEU. From that article and EU secondary legislation a number of rights linked to the status of a worker, is deriving. Among them, in the first place, there is the abolition of any discrimination based on nationality between workers of the Member States. Only in this way the successful realization of the right of free movement of workers, can be ensured. The freedom of free movement of workers is not only an economic category, but also a personal category, so the rights deriving from this freedom are not belonging not only to workers, but also to family members and people who depend on the workers. In addition, with the Maastricht contract and the introduction of a citizenship of the Union, the economic concept of free movement of persons (economically active individuals) has been also extended to economically inactive individuals. The European Court of Justice through jurisprudence points out that the term “worker” has an universal Community meaning, therefore Member States shall not establish this term by themselves, as this may result in fading protection afforded by EU law, which is provided to certain categories of persons. This way the European Court of Justice reserves oneself the exclusive right to create the term worker. There is an important question, if the ECJ with this concept leaves the door open for the interpretation of the definition of a worker, so that it could adapt to the changing social, economic and political climate in the EU, and whether this offers individuals sufficient legal protection. In creating the definition of worker the ECJ helps by judging of the different concepts (payment for work, the purpose of employment, effective and genuine work, etc.) and Lawrie-Blum test, from which derived the criteria for the definition of worker.

• Keywords: Freedom of movement of persons, free movement of workers, fundamental freedoms of the EU, the concept of worker, Article 45 TFEU, the prohibition of discrimination.