Količina pridelka in vsebnost metabolitov v različno obarvanih plodovih petih sort drobnoplodnega paradižnika (Lycopersicum esculentum L.), gojenega v rastlinjaku

Košec, Marjana (author), Kacjan Maršić, Nina (mentor), Mikulič Petkovšek, Maja (co-mentor)

V magistrski nalogi smo proučevali količino in kakovost pridelka plodov petih sort drobnoplodnega paradižnika z različno obarvanimi plodovi: 'Sweet million', 'Goldkrone', 'Chocolate cherry', 'Green zebra' in 'Tigerella'. Merili smo pridelek in nekatere morfološke lastnosti plodov. V plodovih smo izmerili vsebnost barvil, suhe snovi, askorbinske kisline, posameznih sladkorjev, organskih kislin, fenolnih spojin in tokoferola. Od barvil smo v plodovih določili karotenoide (od karotenov likopen in ß-karoten, od ksantofilov lutein, zeaksantin, anteraksantin, violaksantin in neoksantin) ter v manjših količinah klorofila a in b. Največji pridelek je imela sorta 'Chocolate cherry' (75,4 t/ha), najmanjši pa 'Tigerella' (50,3 t/ha). Od karotenoidov je bilo v plodovih vseh sort največ karotenov (od 87 do 94 %), razen v plodovih 'Goldkrone', kjer je bilo karotenov 34 %, ostalo so bili predvsem ksantofili. Klorofil je bil izmerjen v plodovih sorte 'Green zebra' (63 %) in 'Chocolate cherry' (21 %), pri ostalih sortah pa pod 8%. Največ sladkorja so vsebovali plodovi sorte 'Sweet million' (44,50±5,94 g/kg sveže mase (SM)), najmanj pa plodovi sorte 'Tigerella' (24,21±1,77 g/kg SM). Od organskih kislin je bilo največ citronske, sledi jabolčna, šikimska in fumarna. Največ askorbinske kisline so imeli plodovi sorte 'Sweet million' (235,37±19,20 mg/kg SM), najmanj pa plodovi sorte 'Tigerella' (162,96±17,81 mg/kg SM). Od fenolnih spojin so plodovi sorte 'Tigerella' vsebovali največ hidroksicimetnih kislin, sorti 'Chocolate cherry' in 'Sweet million' flavonolov. Sorta 'Goldkrone' je imela največjo vsebnost dihidrohalkonov. V povprečju so plodovi vsebovali največ ? tokoferola sledi ? tokoferol in najmanj ? tokoferola.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Vrtnarstvo, paradižnik, sladkorji, fenoli, barvila, askorbinska kislina
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publisher: [M. Košec]
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-92594
• UDC: 635.64:631.526.32:631.559:547.97(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 8763001
• Publication date in RUL: 18.06.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Quantity of yield and content of metabolites in different colored fruits of small fruited tomato cultivars (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) grown in greenhouse

Abstract

In our master thesis the quality and quantity of fruits of five small fruited tomato cultivars with different coloured fruits: 'Sweet million', 'Goldkrone', 'Chocolate cherry', 'Green zebra' and 'Tigerella' were studied. The yield and some morphological characteristics were measured. In fruits, some pigments, dry matter content, ascorbic acid, individual sugars, organic acids, phenolic compound and tocopherols were detected. Among the pigments, the carotenoids were detected, as followed: lycopene and ß-carotene of the carotenes, lutein, antheraxanthin, violaxanthin and neoxanthin of the xanthophylls and in small amount chlorophyll a and b. The highest yield was detected at 'Sweet million' (75.4 t ha-1), and the lowest at 'Tigerella' (50.3 t ha-1). Carotenes are the major pigments in tomato fruits, they presented from 87 to 94 %, except in 'Goldkrone', where the carotenes comprise 34 %, others belong to xanthophylls. The amount of total chlorophyll are the highest in fruits of 'Green zebra' (63 %), followed by 'Chocolate cherry' (21 %) and under 8 % at all other varieties. The highest sugar content had fruits of 'Sweet million' (44.50±5.94 g kg-1 fresh weight (FW)) and the lowest sugar content had fruits of 'Tigerella' (24.21±1.77 g kg-1 FW). In tomato fruits four organic acids were detected: the major amount represent citric acid, second prevailing was malic acid followed by shikimic acid and fumaric acid. The biggest amount of ascorbic acid was measured in fruits of 'Sweet million' (235.37±19.20 mg kg-1 FW) and the lowest in fruits of 'Tigerella' (162.96±17.81 mg kg-1 FW). Among the phenolic compounds the fruits of cultivar 'Tigerella' contained the highest amount of hydroxycinnamic acid, fruits of 'Chocolate cherry' and 'Sweet million' had the highest amount of flavonoids and fruits of 'Goldkrone' had the highest amount of dihydrochalcones. Tomato fruits contain on average the highest amount of ? tocopherol, followed by ? tocopherol and ? tocopherol.

• Keywords: Horticulture, tomato, sugar, phenol, pigment, ascorbic acid