Čezmejno dedovanje v EU

Raspet, Jaka (author), Žnidaršič Skubic, Viktorija (mentor)

Dinamika preseljevanja, ki ga prinaša prosto gibanje oseb znotraj območja EU, ima svoje prednosti in slabosti, zagotovo pa veliko posebnosti. Ker EU sestavlja 28 članic, to pomeni 28 različnih pravnih redov, ki so si lahko medsebojno skoraj identični ali pa povsem različni. EU sicer nima splošne pristojnosti za poenotenje (unifikacijo) civilnega prava, vseeno pa na tem pomembnem pravnem področju prihaja do približevanja (harmonizacije) pravnih redov. Zelo pomembno področje civilnega prava, na katero vpliva preseljevanje ljudi znotraj EU, je področje dednega prava, saj po uradnih podatkih EU kar 450 tisoč dedovanj (približno 10% vseh smrti) vsebuje mednarodni (čezmejni) element. Dedovanje s čezmejnim elementom je po navadi zelo zapleteno, saj imajo države članice EU različna pravila dednega prava. Glavni vprašanji, na kateri je treba odgovoriti, sta vprašanji, pravo katere države naj se uporabi in katero sodišče oziroma organ naj bo pristojen. To ima lahko velike posledice za osebe, na katere naj preide premoženje umrlega, saj različna pravila dedovanja ne omogočajo polnega izvajanja pravice do zasebne lastnine, ki pa je po ustaljeni sodni praksi Sodišča EU del temeljnih pravic, katerih spoštovanje zagotavlja to sodišče. Evropski parlament in Svet EU sta sprejela Uredbo (EU) št. 650/2012 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 4. julija 2012 o pristojnosti, pravu, ki se uporablja, priznavanju in izvrševanju odločb in sprejemljivosti in izvrševanju javnih listin v dednih zadevah ter uvedbi evropskega potrdila o dedovanju, ki predstavlja harmonizacijo nekaterih pravil na tem področju. Prav tako je uvedla nov instrument (evropsko potrdilo o dedovanju), ki bo zagotovo olajšal dokazovanje določenih relevantnih statusov in pravic. Uredba se uporablja za dedovanje po osebah, ki so umrle 17. avgusta 2015 ali po tem datumu. Čeprav velja Uredba o dedovanju neposredno, je slovenski zakonodajalec sprejel novelo Zakona o dedovanju zaradi podrobnejše ureditve nekaterih zadev. Treba je še omeniti, da zaradi obširnega naslova in pravil o obsegu magistrske naloge ni mogoča podrobna analiza in predstavitev vseh členov, ampak je razprava omejena na najbolj pereča vprašanja, ki so se pojavila v pravni stroki.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: dedovanje s čezmejnim elementom v EU, Uredba o dedovanju, pristojnost, relevantno pravo, priznavanje in izvrševanje odločb, sprejemljivost in izvrševanje javnih listin, evropsko potrdilo o dedovanju
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-92580
• COBISS.SI-ID: 15667537
• Publication date in RUL: 16.06.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Cross-border succession in the EU

Abstract

The dynamics of migration, brought by the free movement of persons within the EU area, has its own advantages and disadvantages, but certainly a lot of features. Since the EU is composed of 28 members, this means 28 different legal systems that can be mutually almost identical or completely different. While the EU does not have general jurisdiction for unification of civil law, harmonization of legal systems is occurring in this important area of law. A very important area of civil law influenced by migration of people within the EU is inheritance law, as 450 thousand successions (approximately 10% of all deaths) contain international (cross-border) element, according to official EU figures. Succession with cross-border element is usually very complicated, since EU member states have different rules of succession law. The main issues that need to be answered are questions of jurisdiction and which law is applicable. This can have serious consequences for the person to whom the property passes from the deceased, as different rules of succession do not allow full implementation of the right to private property, which is a fundamental right established through the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and whose observance the Court ensures. The European Parliament and the EU Council adopted Regulation (EU) No. 650/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2012 on jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition and enforcement of decisions and acceptance and enforcement of authentic instruments in matters of succession and the creation of a European Certificate of Succession that represents the harmonization of certain rules in this area. It has also introduced a new instrument (European Certificate of Succession), which will certainly facilitate the demonstration of certain relevant statuses and rights. Regulation shall apply to the successions of persons who had died on 17 August 2015 or after this date. Although the Regulation on the succession is directly applicable, Slovenian legislature adopted amendments to the Law on Succession for the detailed regulation of certain matters. It should also be noted that, due to the extensive title and rules on the scope of the master's thesis, a detailed analysis and presentation of all articles is not possible, but the discussion is limited to the most urgent issues that have emerged in the legal theory.

• Keywords: succession with cross-border element in the EU, Succession Regulation, jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition and enforcement of decisions, acceptance and enforcement of authentic instruments, European Certificate of Succession