Šolska medicinska sestra in vodenje astme : pregled literature

Dimić, Mirela (author), Milavec Kapun, Marija (mentor)

Uvod: Slabo vodena astma omeji učenčevo aktivnost v in izven šole, je vzrok pogostih odsotnosti in zmanjšuje akademsko uspešnost šolskega otroka. Obolelega otroka je potrebno v obravnavo zajeti čim bolj zgodaj in ga usposobiti za samostojno vodenje astme. Šolska medicinska sestra v tujini izvaja storitve primarnega zdravstvenega varstva, vključuje se v šolski tim in izvaja izobraževanja s področja zdravja, učence oskrbuje z zdravili, izvaja intervencije zdravstvene nege ter ureja napotitve v nadaljnjo zdravstveno obravnavo. Spekter aktivnosti, v katere se šolska medicinska sestra vključuje na vsakodnevni ravni, kaže na kompleksnost delovnega mesta, ki od medicinske sestre terja širok nabor znanja in spretnosti. Namen: V diplomskem delu smo predstavili vodenje otrok z astmo, ki ga izvaja šolska medicinska sestra v nekaterih državah v tujini. Uporabljeni so bili novejši viri, ki raziskujejo vpliv delovanja šolske medicinske sestre na zdravje kronično bolnih šolskih otrok, s poudarkom na otrocih z astmo. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila opisna metoda s pregledom literature. Za iskanje virov sta bili uporabljeni podatkovni bazi CINAHL with full text in MEDLINE, iskanje je potekalo med junijem in septembrom 2016. Rezultati: Šolska medicinska sestra pomaga otroku sestaviti osebni načrt za vodenje astme, ga uči pravilnega jemanja zdravil, beleži porabo zdravil, izvaja inhalacije, meri oksimetrijo in največji pretok med izdihom ter poroča lečečemu zdravniku in staršem. Družino, otroke in šolsko osebje izobražuje o astmi in drugih zdravstvenih temah. Iz vključenih virov je razvidno, da morajo biti šolske medicinske sestre samostojne strokovnjakinje na področju zdravstvene nege in izobraževanja. Razprava in sklep: Vloga šolske medicinske sestre pri obravnavi otroka z astmo je pomembna za otroka z astmo,za njegovo družino in druge zdravstvene delavce. Šolska medicinska sestra razbremeni pedagoško osebje, pozna posebnosti vsakega otroka teroskrbuje akutna in kronična stanja. Pri obravnavi otroka z astmo je nujno, da ljudje v stiku z otrokom poznajo astmo in ukrepe ob poslabšanju. Medicinska sestra je pomemben člen že pri postavljanju diagnoze. Ko je potrebno novo obolelega otroka naučiti veščin,povezanih z astmo, je najbolje usposobljena za učenje otroka, družine in učiteljev. Popolna sistemska ureditev bi bila, če bi lahko medicinsko sestro zaposlili na otrokovi šoli, ne pa samo v zdravstvenih domovih.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: šolska zdravstvena nega, otrok, vodenje kronične bolezni
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-92492
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5262443
• Publication date in RUL: 05.06.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: School nurse and asthma management : literature review

Abstract

Introduction: Insufficient management of asthma can limit the pupil's level of activity inside and outside of school environment. It is the cause of frequent absences and it diminishes academic achievement. The chronically ill child needs proper care and education to manage their asthma on their own as soon as possible. A school nurse in some foreign countries offers primary healthcare services to children with asthma. She is part of the school’s professional team and is responsible for all health-related education. She supplies school children with proper medication, performs nursing interventions and manages referrals to other healthcare professionals. The full extent of activities in a typical school nurses workday describes the complexity of the workplace that demands a wide range of professional knowledge and skills. Purpose: The diploma work aimed to introduce managing asthma in school children as performed by the school nurse in foreign countries. We have included recent studies investigating the competencies of the school nurse caring for chronically ill school children, focusing on children with asthma. Methods: A descriptive method was used with a literature review. CINAHL with full text and MEDLINE databases were searched between June and September 2016. Results: The school nurse helps children with asthma to prepare their personal plan to manage asthma, manages medication intake, performs inhalations, measures oximetry and peak expiratory flow, reports to the pediatrician and parents. She educates families, children and school staff about asthma and other health related topics. The researches included in the review have shown that school nurses need to be autonomous experts in both nursing and education. Discussion and conclusion: The school nurse role is as important for the child as it is for their family and other healthcare professionals. The school nurse can relieve teachers of some of their duties, she is familiar with the specific needs of every child in her school, she is skilled in acute care as well as chronic disease care. When nursing a child with asthma, it is essential that every person coming into contact with the child is informed about asthma and the measures needed in case of deteriorating asthma status. The nurse is important from the diagnostic process onward. When a newly discovered asthma patient needs to be taught all the necessary skills needed to manage asthma, the nurse is the most qualified person to teach the child, family and teachers. An ideal arrangement in practice would be to employ nurses in schools directly as opposed to nurses only working in community health centres.

• Keywords: school nursing, child, chronic disease management