VPLIV ČEZATLANTSKEGA TRGOVINSKEGA IN INVESTICIJSKEGA SPORAZUMA NA PRISOTNOST GENSKO SPREMENJENIH ORGANIZMOV V SLOVENIJI

ŠRAJ AYACHE, RANIA (author), Durnik, Mitja (mentor)

Mednarodni sporazumi za liberalizacijo trga in s tem lažjega poslovanja med celinami poglabljajo proces globalizacije, ki temelji na neoliberalni zamisli svobodne trgovine in deregulacije z namenom homogenizacije sveta. Sporazum o čezatlantskem partnerstvu za trgovino in naložbe (angl. kratica TTIP) je zgodovinsko doslej največji bilateralni sporazum med EU in ZDA, ki naj bi uskladil pravila za proizvodnjo in prodajo izdelkov ter s tem krojil usodo 800 milijonov ljudi. Prinaša koristi, a hkrati tudi pasti za državljane EU. Prinaša poenotenje standardov in regulativno skladnost z obljubami o preprostejšem poslovanju z nižjimi carinskimi dajatvami za cenejše izdelke za končnega kupca. V luči proučevanja posledic morebitnega sprejetja TTIP smo uporabili metodo vrednotenja politik ex-ante. Z zgodovinsko in primerjalno metodo smo primerjali učinke severnoameriškega prostotrgovinskega sporazuma (angl. kratica NAFTA) in posledice vstopa Kitajske v STO, na gospodarstva posameznih držav. Obe metodi sta bili ključni tudi za razumevanje pravne ureditve področja GSO v ZDA, EU in Sloveniji. TTIP prinaša tuj kapital in naložbe, s tem pa tudi mehanizem ISDS, ki ščiti tuja podjetja, države pa izpostavlja tožbam z vrtoglavimi odškodninami, na koncu plačane iz žepov državljanov. Hkrati bo čez Atlantik, neozirajoč se na ključno evropsko načelo previdnosti za zdravje ljudi, živali in okolja, priplula neoznačena in z GSO kontaminirana hrana ameriškega industrijskega kmetijstva. Poenotenje tako različnih pravnih ureditev reguliranja GSO je praktično nemogoče. Odprtje evropskih ladijskih terminalov za zabojnike z GS živili bo za evropski trg in državljane EU pomenilo konec suverenega demokratičnega odločanja o pravilih, ki urejajo trg, za okolje pa konec biotske raznovrstnosti.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: TTIP, GSO, svobodna trgovina, prostotrgovinski sporazumi, deregulacija, multinacionalna podjetja, Monsanto
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FU - Faculty of Administration
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-92383
• Publication date in RUL: 29.05.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: THE IMPACT OF TRANSATLANTIC TRADE AND INVESTMENT PARTNERSHIP ON THE PRESENCE OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS IN SLOVENIA

Abstract

International agreements for the liberalisation of markets to facilitate trading between the continents are deepening the processes of globalization based on neo-liberal ideas of free trading and deregulation in order to homogenize the world. The Transatlantic Trade and Investments Partnership (TTIP) is a historically unprecedented bilateral agreement between the European Union and the United States, which aims to harmonize the rules for the production and sale of products, and consequently determining the fate of 800 million people. The agreement is bringing benefits, but on the other hand traps for the EU citizens. TTIP aims to uniform standards and regulatory compliance with promises to simplify trading with lower customs duties and thus providing cheaper products for consumers. In the light of studying the consequences of the possible adoption of TTIP, we used the ex-ante evaluation of policies. With the historical and comparative method, we compared the effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the consequences of China's accession to the WTO on the economies of individual countries. Both methods were also key to understanding the scope of regulation of GMOs in the US, the EU, and Slovenia. It brings foreign capital for development, technological innovation, and investments in infrastructure, but at the same time the Investor-State Dispute Settlement (the mechanism of ISDS). ISDS protects foreign companies and exposes countries to lawsuits claiming extremely high compensation, which are, in the end, paid from citizens’ pockets. At the same time, ignoring the key European precautionary principle and thus endangering human and animal health, as well as the environment, unlabelled GMO-contaminated food produced by the U.S. industrial agriculture will arrive. Harmonization of such different GMO legislations is virtually impossible. The opening of the European containers terminals for GM foods will be an end of sovereignty on deciding about rules governing the European market and the end of environmental biodiversity.

• Keywords: TTIP, GMO, free trade, free-trade agreements, deregulation, multinational cooperations, Monsanto