Nujni delež kot največja omejitev svobode oporočnega razpolaganja

Obidič, Boštjan (author), Žnidaršič Skubic, Viktorija (mentor)

V diplomski nalogi je obravnavano področje dednega prava, in sicer institut nujnega deleža, ki je najmočnejša omejitev svobodnega oporočnega razpolaganja. Gre za pomemben institut, ki varuje tiste osebe, ki imajo lastnost nujnega dediča, obenem pa omejujejo zapustnikovo svobodo testiranja. Institut nujnega deleža ima dolgo tradicijo, zato bi veljalo upoštevati, da so se skozi daljše obdobje socialne in družbene razmere precej spremenile. Zaradi tega se postavlja vprašanje ali je takšna ureditev še potrebna in primerna ali pa bi se morala prilagoditi družbenim spremembam. Institut nujnega deleža posega v zapustnikovo svobodo testiranja ter mu onemogoča prosto razpolaganje s svojim premoženjem za primer smrti. Na tej točki pride do stika dveh z ustavo varovanih pravic, in sicer pravice do zasebne lastnine ter pravice do dedovanja, ki sta enakovredni in ju je potrebno uskladiti oziroma ustrezno pravno urediti. Institut je vedno kompromis med neomejeno svobodo testiranja in dedovanjem zapustnikovih oziroma oporočiteljevih svojcev. Ureditev nujnega dedovanja, kot jo imamo v Sloveniji je morda za zapustnika nekoliko prestroga, saj v celoti ne spoštuje enega izmed ustavnih načel, to je načelo sorazmernosti. V zaključku diplomske naloge navedene rešitve, ki bi omilile toge in stroge določbe zakona o dedovanju ter bi omogočile zapustniku večjo svobodo pri razpolaganju oziroma odločanju o usodi svojega premoženja za primer smrti.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Dedno pravo, nujno dedovanje, nujni delež, svoboda oporočnega razpolaganja.
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-89074
• COBISS.SI-ID: 15445329
• Publication date in RUL: 11.02.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Compulsory portion as the biggest limitation of the free testamentary disposal

Abstract

The thesis treats the fields of the Inheritance law, specifically the institute of compulsory portion which presents the biggest limitation of the principle of free testamentary disposal. The compulsory portion is a very important institute which protects the persons who possesses the feature of being a forced heir. At the same time this institute restricts the decedent's freedom of testamentary. The institute of compulsory portion has a long tradition. However, through the time the social conditions have changed significantly, which raises the question whether such a regulation is still needed and appropriate or should be changed in accordance with societal changes. The institute of compulsory portion interferes in the testator's freedom of testamentary and does not allow him to dispose with his property freely in case of death. At this point two constitutionally protected rights come to contact, the first one being the right of private property and the other one the right to inherit, both of which are equivalent and need to be harmonised or properly regulated. Institute is always compromise between unlimited freedom of testamentary and inheritance of testators relatives. The regulation of forced heiring as we have in Slovenia may be a little too strict for the testator because does not respect one of the main constitutional principles: i.e. is the principle of proportionality. The thesis at its conclusion proposes some solutions which have to alleviate these rigid and strict regulations of our Inheritance Act and allow the testator more freedom to determine the destiny of his property in case of his death.

• Keywords: Inheritance law, forced heir, compulsory portion, principle of free testamentary disposal.