Arterijska hipertenzija in DASH dieta

Vidović, Duška (author), Pandel Mikuš, Ruža (mentor)

Uvod: Arterijska hipertenzija je pri nas in v razvitem svetu poglavitni vzrok obolevnosti in umrljivosti, zato predstavlja velik javno-zdravstveni problem. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je na teoretični ravni predstaviti arterijsko hipertenzijo, dejavnike tveganja za nastanek arterijske hipertenzije in zdravljenje s poudarkom na predstavitvi DASH diete, ki je oblika pravilnega prehranjevanja pri obolenju oseb z visokim krvnim tlakom. Diplomsko delo želi predstaviti vlogo medicinske sestre pri nadzoru krvnega tlaka. Metode dela: Pri izdelavi diplomskega dela je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela ter opravljen pregled strokovne in znanstvene literature obravnavanega problema. Podatki so bili pridobljeni s pregledom elektronskih baz podatkov COBISS (omejeno na knjižnico Zdravstvene fakultete) in tujih podatkovnih baz: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EBSCOHost, Springer link in preko Digitalne knjižnice Univerze v Ljubljani. Rezultati: V raziskavah zasledimo, da so dejavniki srčno-žilnih bolezni že dobro raziskani in da so avtorji enotni pri ukrepih zdravljenja. Takojšnje zdravljenje z zdravili je nujno potrebno pri ljudeh z zelo povišanim krvnim tlakom, v večini primerov se zdravljenje začne brez zdravil. Dokazano je, da DASH dieta znižuje krvni tlak. V dveh mesecih se z dieto sistolični krvni tlak zniža za 10 mm Hg, diastolični krvni tlak za 5 mm Hg. To znižanje krvnega tlaka se lahko primerja s tistim, ki ga dosežemo z zdravili. Razprava in sklep: Ljudje navadno začnejo svoj vedenjski vzorec spreminjati takrat, ko je že prepozno oziroma se bolezen že pojavi. Arterijske hipertenzije ni mogoče pozdraviti, lahko pa se posameznik nauči z njo živeti in jo nadzorovati. Najboljši ter najbolj zdrav način nadzora arterijske hipertenzije je zdrav življenjski slog. Kronična bolezen, kakršna je arterijska hipertenzija, zahteva vseživljenjsko oskrbo. Ključnega pomena vseživljenjske oskrbe je zdravstveno-vzgojno delo. Z uvedbo referenčnih ambulant bodo to izvajale diplomirane medicinske sestre. S svojim strokovnim delovanjem bodo izboljšale kakovost dela in zadovoljstvo bolnikov.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: arterijska hipertenzija, krvni tlak, DASH dieta, sol, medicinska sestra
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2016
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-88484
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5230955
• Publication date in RUL: 07.01.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Arterial hypertension and DASH diet

Abstract

Introduction: Arterial hypertension is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in our country, as well as in the rest of the developed world, and represents a major public health issue. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis was to theoretically present arterial hypertension, the risk factors and the treatment with emphasis on the presentation of DASH diet as a way of proper nutrition for people with high blood pressure. The thesis also intended to define the role of nurses in the process of managing patients with high blood pressure. Methods: A descriptive work method was used for conducting the thesis. An overview of technical and scientific literature was made. Data was obtained by reviewing electronic databases, such as COBISS (limited to the Faculty of Health Sciences Library), foreign databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EBSCOhost, Springer Link) and via the Digital Library of the University of Ljubljana. Results: The research showed that all the factors of cardiovascular disease had been well researched and that the authors agreed upon the undertaken treatment measures. Prompt treatment with drugs was necessary for people with very high blood pressure, however, in the majority of cases the treatment started without medication. It had been proven that DASH diet lowers blood pressure. Within two months the diet had lowered the systolic blood pressure for 10 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure for 5 mm Hg. This reduction in blood pressure could be compared with the reduction effect achieved with drugs. Discussion and conclusion: People begin to change their behavioral pattern mostly only as the disease already appears. Arterial hypertension cannot be cured, but an individual can learn how to live with it and keep it under control. The best and healthiest way to control hypertension is a healthy lifestyle. A chronic disease, such as arterial hypertension, requires a lifelong treatment. Educational work is a crucial part in the process of a lifelong health care. In reference clinics the outpatient health care and health education are implemented by graduate nurses. With their professional practice they improve the work quality and patient satisfaction.

• Keywords: arterial hypertension, blood pressure, DASH diet, salt, nurse