Enakost spolov na trgih delovne sile v Republiki Češki, na Madžarskem in v Sloveniji v obdobju gospodarske tranzicije in pristopa k Evropski uniji

Kanjuo-Mrčela, Aleksandra (author), Křížková, Alena (author), Nagy, Beata (author)

V tem članku analiziramo podobnosti in razlike v postsocialističnem obdobju gospodarske tranzicije in pristopa k EU (2000-2005) v treh državah (Republiki Češki, na Madžarskem in v Sloveniji) s stališča enakosti spolov na trgih delovne sile. Predpostavka naše analize je, da je stopnja enakosti med spoloma na trgih delovne sile treh držav (merjena s stopnjo zaposlenosti in brezposelnosti ter višino razlike v plačah moških in žensk) odvisna od naslednjih med seboj povezanih dejavnikov, ki se v treh državah razlikujejo: 1. sprememb na trgih delovne sile, 2. obstoječih mehanizmov usklajevanja plačanega dela in družine in 3. sprememb institucionalnega okvira in politik zaposlovanja v obdobju pristopa k EU. Namen članka je, da z analizo razlik med naštetimi dejavniki v državah, ki so bile vključene v raziskavo, prispevamo k razumevanju razlik v položaju žensk in moških na trgih delovne sile in v družbah Srednje in Vzhodne Evrope. Izbira modelov tranzicije, ki so vplivali na spremembe v zakonodaji, socialnih in gospodarskih politikah ter na vključenost in moč socialnih akterjev, je vplivala tudi na stanje na področju enakosti spolov pri delu in zaposlovanju v treh analiziranih državah. Analiza ureditve starševskih dopustov je na primer pokazala, da je dolg straševski dopust na Češkem in na Madžarskem negativno vplival na položaj žensk na trgu delovne sile, medtem ko precej krajši dopust s polnim nadomestilom in spodbude za vključitev očetov v starševanje v Sloveniji bolje služijo ciljem povečevanja enakosti spolov na trgu delovne sile.

• Language: Slovenian
• Work type: Not categorized
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: FDV - Faculty of Social Sciences
• Year: 2010
• Number of pages: Str. 646-670
• Numbering: Letn. 47, št. 4
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-85287
• UDC: 331.5:305-055.2(437.3+439+497.4)
• ISSN on article: 0040-3598
• COBISS.SI-ID: 29632349
• Publication date in RUL: 20.09.2016

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Teorija in praksa : revija za družbena vprašanja
• Shortened title: Teor. praksa
• Publisher: Fakulteta za družbene vede
• ISSN: 0040-3598
• COBISS.SI-ID: 763652

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Gender equality in labour markets in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovenia in a period of economic transition and EU accession

Abstract

In this article we compare the similarities and differences of three post-socialist countries (Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovenia) during the period of economic transition and accession to the EU (2000-2005) from the standpoint of gender equality in the labour market (measured by employment and unemployment rates for men and women and the level of the gender pay gap). We assume that the position of men and women in labour markets is influenced by three interrelated factors that differ in the three countries: 1. the situation in the labour market; 2. mechanisms for the reconciliation of work and the family; and 3. changes in the institutional and legislative framework and employment policies. The aim of analysing the differences in the three countries is to contribute to understanding the position of men and women in labour markets in post-socialist countries in general. The choice of models of economic transition that have influenced changes in legislation and employment and social policies have an impact on gender equality in the labour markets of three countries. The analysis of types of parental leave shows that the long parental leave in the Czech Republic and in Hungary have negatively influenced the position of women in those labour markets, while the considerably shorter paid parental leave and stimulation of the active involvement of fathers in parenting in Slovenia better serve the aim of improving gender equality in the labour market.