In this dissertation, the family as a (potentially) protective and at the same time risk factor in the development of an individual is explored. In the theoretical part the systemic findings are presented about the functioning of the human family, as the primary group of a human being, with diverse internal developments and interactions with factors of a narrower and wider social environment. Attention is paid to prenatal development period, as well as the importance of the earliest processes of bonding between a mother and a child, communication patterns, expressing emotions, satisfaction of needs, intergenerational roles, pedagogical style, mode of confrontation and conflict resolution between family members. As the core theme of the planned work is aggression or violence, understanding and the different factors that lead to violent behavior are defined, while understanding is placed in the environment of family relationships. Modern interpretations are introduced, which take into account the interacting factors that are derived from the individual, family dynamics and environmental influences. In addition, the existing support and state measures in the field of domestic violence are reviewed: legislative powers, the role of institutions (education, health, police, judiciary), with emphasis on the role of the Centre for Social Work (hereinafter CSW).
Theoretical and systemic aspects of the empirical work are analyzed through case studies of three families that have and still are receiving support and measures due to violence between parents and children. The focus of the analysis is placed on the identifying of development of interaction patterns in families, patterns of actions of social services and other institutions, and in particular, on the analysis of the support timeline, wherein the basis of the analysis is represented by carefully recorded protocols and documentation of CSW. The survey findings reveal that the families share multiple problems. In addition, all the parents share a common educational helplessness when dealing with special needs of their children, combining an indulgent interaction pattern with an ambivalent attitude towards children. Due to the mutual impact of risk factors arising from the individual and the environment (school, company of peers, etc.) violent behavior of adolescents has emerged and escalated. The analysis of the activities of the competent institutions revealed that the family support processes were only triggered by conspicuous (unadjusted) behavior of children. The assistance was focused on the adaptation of the child / family to the system and was not based on the actual needs of the family members. Collaboration between institutions was formal and uncoordinated. In the planning of assistance each institution only included its own goals. In the case of co-creation of processes together with the family, the family members were more motivated, while the support processes were more effective and efficient. The connection between theoretical knowledge and the analysis of support processes provides an insight into a deeper understanding of domestic violence and support characteristics, thus suggesting guidelines for the design and implementation of support and action models appropriate for individual families and juveniles.
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