Razlike med spoloma pri igri predšolskih otrok

Tarman Starc, Ana (author), Poljšak Škraban, Olga (mentor)

V diplomskem delu sem raziskovala razlike med spoloma pri igri predšolskih otrok, starih od tri do šest let, pri čemer sem se v povezavi glede na spol otrok osredotočila na vrsto iger, vzpostavljanje igralnih interakcij, na velikosti igralnih skupin dečkov, na prosocialnost in agresivnost v igralnem vedenju ter na odražanje vzgojiteljevega odnosa s posegu v igre dečkov in deklic. V teoretičnem delu sem opredelila in definirala igro, njene značilnosti in vrste igre, čemur je sledila opredelitev in definicija spola, spolne vloge in spolnih stereotipov, nato opredelitev razlik med dečki in deklicami na socialnem področju, v agresivnem in prosocialnem vedenju ter v igri enih in drugih, kar sem sklenila s kratkim pregledom vpliva vzgojiteljev na igro dečkov in deklic. V kvalitativnem empiričnem delu sem z diagnosticiranjem preverjala pojavnost vnaprej določenih kategorij in z odprtim kodiranjem gradiva oblikovala nove kategorije. Podatke sem pridobila na podlagi delno strukturiranega opazovanja v naravnem okolju vrtca s pomočjo opazovalne sheme. Rezultati raziskave so potrdili obstoj razlik v igrah glede na spol: Deklice so se večinoma vključevale v dejavnosti z dekliškimi temami; dečki pa v deške igre. V spolno mešanih skupinah so bile teme iger pogosto nevtralne; deklice so se pogosteje vključevale v deške igre kot obratno. Spolna stereotipnost v igrah v spolno mešanih skupinah je bila pogosto povezana s številčno prevlado otrok posameznega spola. Med deklicami je bilo manj odkritega izkazovanja moči in agresivnega vedenja v primerjavi z dečki. V spolno mešanih skupinah se je agresivnost deklic povečala in je bila pogosteje usmerjena k dečkom, medtem ko so dečki agresivno vedenje pogosteje usmerjali na druge dečke. Izkazalo se je, da je vedenje dečkov v primerjavi z deklicami malo bolj prosocialno, kar bi lahko pripisali večji spodbudi s strani vzgojiteljic, ki so v igro dečkov tudi sicer pogosteje posegale kot v igro deklic. Dečki so pogosteje od deklic tvorili majhne skupine, v srednje velike skupine so se dečki in deklice vključevali v približno enaki meri, velike skupine pa so bile v skupinah obeh spolov redke. Igra v spolno mešani skupini se je izkazala kot pomembna oblika socialnih interakcij dečkov in deklic.

• Language: Unknown
• Keywords: otroška igra
• Work type: Not categorized
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Year: 2015
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-73093
• COBISS.SI-ID: 10747977
• Publication date in RUL: 14.10.2015

Secondary language

• Language: Unknown
• Title: Gender differences in preschool children's play

Abstract

The goal of the final thesis is to shed some light on gender-based differences which can be observed in the way preschool children (aged 3 to 6) play, focusing on differences in the type of play, the size of play groups of boys and girls as well as differences in their playing behaviour with special focus on prosocial and aggressive behaviour. Moreover, the educators' attitude towards play is examined, i.e. how they intervene in the play of boy and girls. In the theoretical part the key characteristics and types of play are defined, followed by a description of gender roles and gender stereotypes. The last part focuses on the influence of preschool teaching personnel on the way boys and girls play. In the empirical part of the qualitative analysis the frequency of pre-defined categories is determined by means of diagnosis and evaluation and an open-coding method is used to form new categories on the basis of the observed data, collected and analysed using an observational scheme. The results confirm that gender-based differences in the way children play do exist: Girls, when playing with other girls, usually engaged in activities intended for girls, while boys played more boys' games. In mixed groups children usually engaged in gender-neutral games. Girls were more frequently engaged in boys' games than vice versa. Gender stereotypes in mixed groups were often observed when one of the gender groups outnumbered the other. Openly aggressive interactions were less frequent among girls than among boys. In gender-mixed groups, aggressiveness of girls increased and was often directed towards boys, while boys directed their aggressiveness towards other boys. Boys proved to be more prosocial than girls, which could be attributed to a higher degree of stimulation from educators, who intervened more frequently among boys. Boys formed small groups more frequently than girls, while in medium size groups both were represented more or less equally. Big playing groups were rarely formed. It was discovered that playing in a gender-mixed group is an important form of social interaction among boys and girls, which calls for special attention.

• Keywords: child's play