Merjenje socialne pozornosti s sledenjem pogleda : magistrsko delo

Smole Orehek, Kaja (author), Ule, Andrej (mentor), Grammer, Karl (co-mentor)

V magistrski nalogi preučujemo vidno pozornost z opazovanjem vedenja v naravnem okolju. Na tem področju je bilo do sedaj narejenih zelo malo raziskav. Glavni namen naloge je ugotoviti, kateri faktorji izzovejo socialno pozornost. Veliko vedenj iz naravnega okolja, ki so povezani s socialno informacijo, se zazna preko socialne pozornosti. Naša hipoteza pravi, da je gibanje človeškega telesa osnova za prepoznavo in razlago socialnih dogodkov. Socialni ključi, ki jih uporabljamo za razlago dejanskih socialnih dogodkov, naj bi imeli osnovne značilnosti dražljajev, le-ti so spol, hitrost, barva, gibanje telesa in smer pogleda ljudi v opazovanem okolju (Shiffrar, 2008). Večina raziskav o socialni pozornosti je izvedenih v laboratoriju, kjer niso uporabili dinamičnih dražljajev. V naši študiji smo uporabili dinamične dražljaje iz resničnega okolja in s tem skušali podrobneje preučiti ta pojav. Empirična študija je bila izvedena z uporabo sledilca očesnih gibov (EOG ) in uporabe kratkih odsekov nadzornih kamer, ki vsebujejo socialne dogodke iz naravnega okolja. Udeleženci so na štirih zaslonih sočasno opazovali posnetke nadzornih kamer z železniške postaje. Njihova naloga je bila, da opazujejo vse zaslone ter se osredotočijo na stvari, ki jim pritegnejo pozornost. Med tem smo z uporabo EOG naprave merili smer očesnega pogleda. Testirali smo 100 priložnostno izbranih udeležencev. Zanimalo nas je tudi, če obstaja razlika v pozornosti med spoloma, zato smo testirali 50 moških in 50 žensk. Rezultati naše raziskave so pokazali, da vidna pozornost ni naključno porazdeljena. Ljudje več poznosti namenijo ključem, ki vsebujejo evolucijski pomen (Birmingham & Kingstone, 2009). To so lahko namere subjektov ali nepričakovani dogodki, ki izražajo potencialno nevarnost. Raziskava je del evropskega projekta v okviru FP7, imenovanega VANAHEIM.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: biološko gibanje, gibanje človeka, smer pogleda, socialni ključ
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Publisher: [K. Smole]
• Year: 2014
• Number of pages: VIII, 54 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-69213
• UDC: 159.952:159.937:611.84(043.3)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 10265929
• Publication date in RUL: 10.07.2015

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Eye gaze behavior as a measure of social attention

Abstract

The thesis combined visual attention in a natural environment with behavioral observation. The aim of the thesis was to find out which factors elicit social attention. Social attention in real world settings is caught by several behaviors that are linked to socially relevant information. The hypothesis is that human motion is the basis for recognition and interpretation of social events. Gender, speed, and body motion of the people present in the scene are some of the cues that our brains use to interpret a social event (Shiffrar, 2008). Previous work on social attention was limited to laboratory studies and did not use the dynamic stimuli. In our study we used dynamic stimuli from real world settings and through it trying to explain this phenomenon. The experiment was conducted with the use of electric occulo-graph (EOG) and surveillance videos that contain social events in a natural environment. We projected videos from surveillance cameras of an underground station, on four screens simultaneously. The participant’s task was to observe all screens simultaneously and to look at the things that triggered his or her attention. During the experiment, we followed his or her eye gaze with the EOG device. Tested were 100 people convenience sampled. We are also looking at sex differences, therefore we tested 50 males and 50 females. Our results showed that visual attention is not randomly distributed. People pay greater attention to evolutionary relevant cues, such as intentions of others and unexpected events (potential threat) (Birmingham & Kingstone, 2009). We could show that visual attention can be used as a measure for relevance of a given scene. The research is part of the European FP7 VANAHEIM project.