Poljubnost in standardiziranost anketne konverzacije

Uhan, Samo (author)

Interpretacija rezultatov javnomnenjskih raziskav je mogoča šele, ko poznamo kontekst "pomenjenja" oziroma okolja, ki motivira nastajanje stališčin kamor se vpisujejo izražena stališča. Med pristopi, ki poskušajo pojasniti vpliv konteksta na izražena stališča, se ponovno uveljavljajo hermenevtične razprave o učinkih in vplivih konteksta, ki poudarjajo predvsem potrebo po dekodiranju stališč respondentov, kar naj bi raziskovalcem omogočilo razumevanje izvornega pomena izraženega. Posledica kontekstualnih vplivov je velika variabilnost, ki jo raziskovalci poskušajo zmanjšati s standardizacijo anketnih pogojev, instrumenta in predvsem diskurza. Standardizirani postopki tako zmanjšujejo kompleksnost in difuznost in s tem večajo zanesljivost merjenj, nasprotno pa se zmanjšuje veljavnost, saj visoko standardiziran instrument zajame zgolj vzorce rutiniranega vedenja: standardizaciji so dostopni posamezni izseki in torej vse, kar ni kompatibilno s standardiziranim kodom komuniciranja, instrument prepozna kot šum. Rigoroznost standardizirane anketne situacije sili respondente k oblikovanju presežka dostopnih informacij. Respondenti pri odgovarjanju na anketna vprašanja informacije, ki jih "posredujejo" raziskovalci v obliki referenčnega okvira raziskave in značilnosti instrumenta, uporabijo kot kontekstualne informacije.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: anketiranje, kontekstualna analiza, standardi, komuniciranje
• Work type: Not categorized
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: FDV - Faculty of Social Sciences
• Year: 1999
• Number of pages: Str. 765-775
• Numbering: Let. 36, št. 5
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-5417
• UDC: 303
• ISSN on article: 0040-3598
• COBISS.SI-ID: 19419741
• Publication date in RUL: 11.07.2014

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Teorija in praksa : revija za družbena vprašanja
• Shortened title: Teor. praksa
• Publisher: Fakulteta za družbene vede
• ISSN: 0040-3598
• COBISS.SI-ID: 763652

Secondary language

• Language: Unknown

Abstract

A distinctive feature of public opinion research is that survey interview is considered to be specific kind of conversation or social activity involving people who are not acquainted which is therefore governed by general conversational rules. However participation in the survey interview is governed by particular methodological rules. In consenting to the interview, the respondent accepts a specific kind of social interaction - agreeing to take part in a research whose ultimat purposes are not known to him and what at the same time requires adherence to the resercher instructions. Strict observance of the instructions does not eliminate the methodological problems. Namely, for the respondent the semantic comprehension of the researcher's directions is insufficient. The respondent is forced to shape the excess meaning of information available to him. It is assumed that respondent uses the information, he manages to extract from the conversation with the interviewer. Accordingly, we have to abandon the belief that the instrument is a neutral stimulus which provokes a reaction that has only to be recorded objectively.

• Keywords: conducting an opinion poll, context analysis, standard, communication