Matematično modeliranje drobirskih tokov in priprava podrobnih kart nevarnosti : magistrsko delo

Sodnik, Jošt (author), Mikoš, Matjaž (mentor), Četina, Matjaž (co-mentor)

V nalogi je najprej pripravljen pregled in opisane različne klasifikacije masnih gibanj, med katere se uvrščajo tudi drobirski tokovi. Drobirski tokovi so predstavljeni podrobneje. Opisane so njihove lastnosti in prikazana klasifikacija glede na nastanek, velikost in hitrost. Opisane so tudi glavne razlike med drobirskimi tokovi in drugimi masnimi gibanji. Nadalje je predstavljen model Flo-2D in opisana njegova uporaba, način delovanja in postopek izdelave modela drobirskega toka. Opisane so dosedanje izkušnje z modeliranjem drobirskih tokov v Sloveniji in uporaba različnih matematičnih modelov, vključno s Flo-2D. Opisana je slovenska zakonodaja na področju varstva pred poplavami in erozijo, kjer je predpisana metodologija za izdelavo opozorilnih kart, kart nevarnosti in kart ogroženosti zaradi delovanja poplav in erozije. Predlagan je način izdelave opozorilnih kart in podrobnejših kart nevarnosti zaradi delovanja drobirskih tokov, pri čemer so drobirski tokovi razdeljeni na hudourniške in pobočne. Glavni del naloge je uporaba matematičnega modela Flo-2D pri modeliranju drobirskih tokov na hudourniških vršajih z uporabo javno dostopnih podatkov. Raziskava je opravljena na hudourniških vršajih pritokov Save Dolinke. V občutljivostni analizi modela je analiziran vpliv nastavitev kontrolnih parametrov modela, pozicije vhodnega hidrograma, Manningovega koeficienta hrapavosti ng, velikosti računskih celic, različnih reoloških karakteristik in vpliv različnih načinov modeliranja objektov na hudourniških vršajih. Obravnavana je možnost uporabe rezultatov modelov, izdelanih z uporabo javno dostopnih vhodnih podatkov za pripravo podrobnejših kart nevarnosti, kar bi pomenilo, da je take karte možno pripraviti z relativno majhnimi stroški, brez dragih dodatnih raziskav. Prikazana je tudi možnost izdelave kart nevarnosti z vmesnikom, ki je vgrajen v model Flo-2D. Kot največja pomanjkljivost med vhodnimi podatki so se izkazali podatki o terenu DMV5, kjer je zaradi avtomatske izdelave vsebovanih veliko napak o topografiji terena, ki lahko bistveno vplivajo na rezultate modela. Sicer pa je večina ostalih uporabljenih vhodnih podatkov dovolj dobro določljiva, da bi bil predlagani način dela uporaben za pripravo kart nevarnosti. IV

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: gradbeništvo, magistrska dela, digitalni model višin, drobirski tokovi, hudourniški vršaji, karte nevarnosti, matematično modeliranje, model Flo-2D, občutljivostna analiza, sava Dolinka, Koroška Bela
• Work type: Master's thesis
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FGG - Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [J. Sodnik]
• Year: 2009
• Number of pages: XX, 105 str., pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-32603
• UDC: 502.5:519.61/.64:528.9:551.3:556.5:627.141(043.3)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 4705889
• Publication date in RUL: 10.07.2015

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Mathematical modeling of debris flows and preparing of hazard maps : master of science thesis

Abstract

The present thesis begins with an overview and different classifications of mass movements. Debris flows, one type of mass movements, are described in detail. First, their characteristics are presented and also classified according to the type of triggering, magnitude and velocity. The main differences between the debris flows and other mass movements are also described. In addition, the mathematical model Flo-2D is described. Its use, functioning and procedure of modeling debris flows are presented, as are the previous experiences with debris flow modeling in Slovenia and the use of different mathematical models, including Flo-2D. In the following chapter, the Slovene legislation in the area of flooding and erosion hazard is described. This legislation prescribes the methodology of preparing the preliminary hazard maps, hazard maps and risk maps due to the influence of flooding and erosion. The thesis proposes a protocol of preparing the preliminary hazard maps and hazard maps due to the debris flow effects. Debris flows are divided into torrential and slope debris flows. The main part of the thesis is dedicated to the practical use of the mathematical model Flo-2D in debris flow modeling of torrential fans using only the publicly available data. The alpine valley of Sava Dolinka River was selected as a test region. In the sensitivity analysis of the Flo-2D model, the influence of different parameters was tested: the control parameters settings of the model, the position of the incoming hydrograph, the Manning roughness coefficient, the computational grid size, different rheological characteristics and the influence of different ways of modeling objects on torrential fans. The possibility of using the results of the models made with publicly available data is evaluated in preparing hazard maps. This method would enable the preparation of hazard maps with relatively low costs and without the expensive extra surveys. The possibility of preparing hazard maps using an application proposed in the Flo-2D model is also presented. The topographic data DEM5 turned out to be the main deficiency of all the input data used in the research, as they can dramatically affect the model results and hazard area assessments. The rest of the applied model input data can be defined well enough to be efficient in preparing the hazard maps the way it is described in this thesis.

• Keywords: civil engineering, master of science thesis, debris flows, digital elevation model, Flo-2D model, hazard maps, mathematical modeling, sensitivity analysis, torrential fans, Sava Dolinka, Koroška Bela