Introduction: Testicular cancer most commonly affects younger men of reproductive age, and both the disease and its treatment may significantly affect their chances of future fatherhood. Despite successful treatment, some patients experience long-term fertility problems. Timely information about the potential consequences of treatment and available fertility preservation options is therefore important. Purpose: The purpose of this diploma thesis was to examine the impact of systemic treatment for testicular cancer on fertility and reproductive health, particularly spermatogenesis and hormonal balance. We also aimed to present fertility preservation options and the role of healthcare professionals in providing information, counselling and support to patients. Methods: We used a descriptive method based on a review of scientific and professional literature. We searched the PubMed, ScienceDirect and SpringerLink databases and the Google Scholar search engine between June and September 2026. English search terms and the Boolean operators AND and OR were used. Articles published between 2016 and 2026 were considered. A total of 12 studies were included in the final analysis, classified according to their levels of evidence and analysed using content analysis. Results: Systemic treatment for testicular cancer may reduce sperm concentration and motility and impair spermatogenesis, particularly following cisplatin-based chemotherapy. In some patients, reproductive function gradually recovers, although recovery may take several years. Semen cryopreservation may help preserve the possibility of future biological fatherhood, even in patients with reduced semen quality. Patients also face time-related, financial and organisational barriers when deciding whether to undergo semen cryopreservation. Discussion and conclusion: The effects of systemic treatment on fertility vary among patients, and semen quality may already be reduced before treatment. Although spermatogenesis may recover in many patients, the course of recovery cannot be reliably predicted. Early counselling and timely semen cryopreservation, potentially even before surgical treatment, are therefore important. Nurses play an important role in identifying patients' needs, assessing their understanding of information, supporting decision-making and collaborating within an interdisciplinary team. Due to differences between the included studies and limited evidence on hormonal changes and nursing interventions, further research is needed.
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