Učinkoviti pristopi izvajanja zdravstvene vzgoje v času nosečnosti : diplomsko delo

Erhatič, Ana (author), Kvas, Andreja (mentor), Mivšek, Ana Polona (reviewer)

Uvod: Zdravstvena vzgoja v času nosečnosti predstavlja pomemben del prenatalne obravnave, saj nosečnicam omogoča pridobivanje znanja, razvijanje spretnosti in sprejemanje informiranih odločitev, ki prispevajo k zdravju nosečnice in otroka. V sodobni babiški praksi se uporabljajo različni pristopi izvajanja zdravstvene vzgoje, med katerimi izstopajo skupinski, individualni in digitalni pristopi. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil proučiti pristope izvajanja zdravstvene vzgoje v času nosečnosti in opredeliti njihovo učinkovitost pri spodbujanju zdravega življenjskega sloga. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda dela s pregledom in analizo domače in tuje znanstvene literature. Literatura je bila pridobljena iz podatkovnih baz MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC in Cochrane Library. Vključeni so bili članki, objavljeni med letoma 2015 in 2026, v slovenskem ali angleškem jeziku in dostopni v celotnem besedilu. Rezultati: V pregled literature je bilo vključenih 13 raziskav. Ugotovitve kažejo, da ni mogoče opredeliti enega univerzalno najučinkovitejšega pristopa izvajanja zdravstvene vzgoje med nosečnostjo. Kot učinkoviti so se izkazali predvsem individualno prilagojeni, interaktivni in na nosečnico usmerjeni pristopi, ki izboljšujejo zdravstvene navade, prehransko stanje, motivacijo za spremembo vedenja in psihološko blagostanje. Skupinski pristopi pomembno prispevajo k pridobivanju znanja, medsebojni podpori in izmenjavi izkušenj, medtem ko digitalni pristopi povečujejo dostopnost zdravstvene vzgoje in spodbujajo uporabo zdravstvenih storitev. Pozitivne učinke so pokazali tudi interaktivni in kombinirani pristopi, ki spodbujajo aktivno sodelovanje nosečnic. Razprava in zaključek: Ugotovitve pregleda literature nakazujejo, da so za spodbujanje zdravega življenjskega sloga nosečnic najbolj obetavni individualno prilagojeni in interaktivni pristopi, podprti z aktivnim vključevanjem nosečnic v proces učenja in sprejemanja odločitev. Pomembno vlogo imajo babice, ki zdravstvenovzgojne pristope prilagajajo potrebam in življenjskim okoliščinam nosečnic. Kot posebej obetavno se kaže povezovanje individualnih, skupinskih in digitalnih pristopov, vendar so za potrditev njihovih dolgoročnih učinkov na zdravje nosečnice in otroka potrebne nadaljnje raziskave.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, babištvo, prenatalna obravnava, individualno svetovanje, skupinski pristop, digitalne tehnologije, vedenjske spremembe
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [A. Erhatič]
• Year: 2026
• Number of pages: VIII, 33 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-190705
• UDC: 618.2/.7
• COBISS.SI-ID: 303456003
• Publication date in RUL: 01.11.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Effective approaches to implementing health education during pregnancy : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Health education during pregnancy is an important component of prenatal care, as it enables pregnant women to acquire knowledge, develop skills, and make informed decisions that contribute to maternal and child health. Contemporary midwifery practice uses various approaches to delivering health education, including group-based, individual, and digital approaches. Purpose: The aim of this diploma work was to examine approaches to delivering health education during pregnancy and to determine their effectiveness in promoting a healthy lifestyle. Methods: This study used a descriptive research method to review and analyse Slovenian and international scientific literature. The literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC and the Cochrane Library. Articles published between 2015 and 2026, written in Slovenian or English, and available in full text were included. Results: Thirteen studies were included in the literature review. The findings indicate that no single approach to delivering health education during pregnanc is consistently more effective than others. Individualised, interactive and woman centered approaches were particularly effective in promoting healthy behaviours, improving nutritional status, increasing motivation for behavioural change and enhancing psychological well-being. Group-based approaches helped women gain knowledge, supported peer interaction and facilitated the sharing of experiences, while digital approaches improved access to health education and encouraged the use of healthcare services. Interactive and combined approaches that encouraged pregnant women to participate actively also showed positive effects. Discussion and conclusion: The literature review suggests that individualised and interactive approaches, that actively involve pregnant women in learning and decision-making are particularly promising for promoting a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy. Midwives play an important role in tailoring health education to pregnant women's individual needs and circumstances. Combining individual, group-based and digital approaches appears particularly promising, but further research is needed to confirm the long-term effects of this combination on the health of pregnant women and their children.

• Keywords: diploma theses, midwifery, prenatal care, individual counselling, group approach, digital technologies, behavioural changes