Introduction: Pregnancy is a period of psychological changes that can increase the emotional vulnerability of both the pregnant woman and her partner. The transition to parenthood can be associated with the onset of mental distress due to numerous physical and psychological changes. Receiving an adverse prenatal diagnosis for the fetus can further intensify this distress for expectant parents. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to examine, through a literature review, the psychological response of expectant parents upon receiving an adverse prenatal diagnosis for the fetus. Methods: A descriptive research method was employed, based on a structured search and review of scientific literature. Studies were selected based on a publication timeframe of 2016–2026, utilizing peer-reviewed literature in Slovenian and English available via the PubMed database. A combination of search terms related to prenatal diagnosis and mental health was used, linked by the Boolean operators AND, OR, and NOT. Literature selection followed PRISMA guidelines; selected studies were classified according to the hierarchy of evidence by Polit and Beck (2021) and analyzed based on research design, participants, measurement tools used, and key findings. Results: Six studies were included in the final analysis. The results of the review revealed that receiving an adverse prenatal diagnosis for the fetus often increases anxiety, stress, depression, and symptoms of post-traumatic distress in both parents. Emotional shock, grief, and feelings of uncertainty also arise. The parents' psychological well-being can be improved through quality communication, partner support, and shared decision-making. Discussion and conclusion: An adverse prenatal diagnosis presents a major challenge for expectant parents and requires a holistic approach addressing both partners. It is important to recognize psychological distress in a timely manner and provide clear information through appropriate communication and support. Midwifery care should place significant emphasis on fostering mutual support between partners and involving both parents in the decision-making process. In cases of severe psychological distress, it is advisable to involve other professionals in the process to ensure interdisciplinary care for the parents.
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