Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized by hormonal imbalance, which leads to excessive production of androgen hormones, potentially interfering with ovulation and causing irregular or missed menstrual cycles. It also manifests with acne, hirsutism, weight gain and insulin resistance. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome often experience lower breastfeeding success. Purpose: To explore and present the impact of polycystic ovary syndrome on breastfeeding through a review of the literature. Methods: A descriptive research method was used, based on a review of scientific and professional literature in the Slovenian and English languages. We searched the literature using the online portal of the Digital Library of the University of Ljubljana (DikUL) and bibliographic databases such as CINAHL Ultimate, PubMed, Cochrane and Medline Plus. We included Slovenian and English articles published from 2008 to 2025 that discuss the association between polycystic ovary syndrome and breastfeeding. Results: The results indicate that polycystic ovary syndrome affects lactation primarily indirectly, through hormonal imbalance and metabolic disturbances. Elevated androgen levels may inhibit the function of prolactin receptors, while insulin resistance affects lactose synthesis and consequently milk volume. Delayed lactogenesis II is also common. A high body mass index plays an important role, negatively influencing hormonal response and breastfeeding success. Discussion and conclusion: It was found that polycystic ovary syndrome itself is not always an independent factor for poorer breastfeeding outcomes, but rather acts in combination with other factors, especially obesity. Early identification of risk factors and appropriate support for mothers with polycistic ovary syndrome are essential, as a comprehensive approach can improve breastfeeding success.
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