Učinek izometrične vadbe na bolečino pri osebah s patelarno tendinopatijo - pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Jugovic, Tilen (author), Tomc Žargi, Tina (mentor), Brezovar, Tjaž (comentor), Kacin, Alan (reviewer)

IZVLEČEK Uvod: Patelarna tendinopatija je pogosta preobremenitvena poškodba, ki se kaže kot z obremenitvijo povezana bolečina pod pogačico in zmanjšana funkcija, posebno pri športnikih s pogostimi skoki in doskoki. V klinični praksi se izometrična vadba pogosto uporablja kot del stopnjevane vadbe proti uporu, predvsem zaradi potencialnega kratkoročnega hipoalgetičnega učinka. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil s pregledom literature analizirati učinkovitost izometrične vadbe na zmanjšanje bolečine pri osebah s patelarno tendinopatijo. Metode dela: Literaturo smo iskali v podatkovni bazi PubMed in na spletnem iskalniku Google Scholar s kombinacijami ključnih besed, povezanih s patelarno tendinopatijo in izometrično vadbo. Vključili smo randomizirane klinične raziskave in prospektivne intervencijske raziskave, ki so pri osebah s patelarno tendinopatijo ocenjevale učinek izometrične vadbe na bolečino. Rezultati: V pregled literature smo vključili sedem raziskav s skupno 125 udeleženci, večinoma športno aktivnimi moškimi. Raziskave so se med seboj razlikovale po zasnovi, trajanju intervencije, vadbenih protokolih in značilnostih udeležencev. Takojšnji hipoalgetični učinek izometrične vadbe je bil med raziskavami neenoten. V nekaterih raziskavah se je bolečina po izometričnem protokolu izrazito zmanjšala – v eni raziskavi s 7,0 na 0,17 (p = 0,004), učinek pa je vztrajal še 45 minut po vadbi, v nekaterih drugih raziskavah zmanjšanje ni bilo statistično značilno. Pri štiritedenskih programih so vse vključene raziskave poročale o zmanjšanju bolečine, vendar izometrična vadba v primerjavah z izotonično ali dinamično vadbo ni dosledno izkazala večje učinkovitosti. Razprava in zaključek: Izometrična vadba je lahko uporabna predvsem kot strategija za kratkoročno obvladovanje bolečine in ustvarjanje kratkotrajne hipoalgezije, zlasti v tekmovalnem obdobju ali kadar izotonična vadba ni izvedljiva oziroma je kontraindicirana. Za dolgoročno izboljšanje bolečine in funkcije je potreben progresivni vadbeni program, ki postopno povečuje mehansko obremenitev patelarnega ligamenta. Učinek izometrične vadbe ni univerzalen in je odvisen od protokola, časovnega okvira merjenja in značilnosti posameznika. Potrebne bi bile nadaljnje raziskave z večjim številom udeležencev in standardiziranim vadbenim programom.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, patelarna tendinopatija, bolečina, izometrična vadba, terapevtska vadba
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [T. Jugovic]
• Year: 2026
• Number of pages: 38 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-188699
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 292627715
• Publication date in RUL: 26.09.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The effect of isometric exercise on pain in individuals with patellar tendinopathy - literature review : diploma work

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Patellar tendinopathy is a common overuse condition characterised by load-related pain at the inferior pole of the patella and reduced function, particularly in athletes exposed to frequent jumping, landing and rapid changes of direction. In clinical practice, isometric exercise is frequently used within load-based rehabilitation because it may provide short-term hypoalgesia. Purpose: The aim of this thesis was to analyse the effectiveness of isometric exercise in reducing pain in people with patellar tendinopathy based on a literature review. Methods: Literature was searched in PubMed and Google Scholar using combinations of keywords related to patellar tendinopathy and isometric exercise. We included randomised clinical trials and prospective interventional studies that assessed the effect of isometric exercise on pain in individuals with patellar tendinopathy. Results: Seven studies with a total of 125 participants were included, mostly physically active males. The studies differed in design, intervention duration, exercise protocols and participant characteristics. The immediate hypoalgesic effect of isometric exercise was inconsistent across studies. In some studies, pain decreased substantially after the isometric protocol, in one study from 7.0 to 0.17 (p = 0.004), with the effect sustained for 45 minutes after exercise, while in some other studies the reduction was smaller or not statistically significant. In four-week programmes, all included studies reported a reduction in pain, however isometric exercise did not consistently demonstrate greater effectiveness compared to isotonic or dynamic exercise. Discussion and Conclusion: Isometric exercise may be useful primarily as a strategy for short-term pain management and creating short-term hypoalgesia, particularly during the competitive season or when isotonic exercise cannot be performed or is contraindicated. For long-term pain and functional improvement, a progressive loading programme that gradually increases mechanical demands is required. The effects of isometric exercise are not universal and depend on the protocol, timing of outcome assessment and individual characteristics. Further research with larger samples and standardised programmes is needed.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy, patellar tendinopathy, pain, isometric exercise, exercise therapy