The aim of this thesis was to develop a smart monitoring buoy for water
quality assessment that operates as autonomously as possible while enabling
the reliable transmission of accurate data in real time. To achieve long-term
operation without frequent user intervention, the system was designed to
use solar panels for battery charging and the deep-sleep function of the ESP
microcontroller, thereby significantly reducing energy consumption. The
use of the LoRa communication protocol further contributes to low power
consumption, as it is more energy-efficient than technologies such as Wi-Fi,
LTE, and Bluetooth. Measurement accuracy was assessed by validating
the sensors used in the system. The pH sensor was calibrated and tested
using reference buffer solutions with known pH values, and the results were
additionally compared with measurements obtained using pH indicator strips.
Water temperature measurements were compared with those of a reference
thermometer. The results confirm that the developed buoy enables energyefficient, reliable, and sufficiently accurate water quality monitoring, making
it a suitable solution for the long-term monitoring of aquatic environments.
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