Povezanost statičnega in dinamičnega ravnotežja s spolom, indeksom telesne mase in količino organizirane telesne dejavnosti pri otrocih prvega in drugega razreda osnovne šole : magistrsko delo

Rodič, Barbara (author), Tomc Žargi, Tina (mentor), Kacin, Alan (reviewer)

Uvod: Ravnotežje predstavlja pomembno gibalno sposobnost, ki omogoča ohranjanje stabilnosti telesa med mirovanjem in gibanjem ter je ključno za uspešno izvajanje vsakodnevnih dejavnosti. V zgodnjem osnovnošolskem obdobju se sposobnost ravnotežja še razvija, nanjo pa lahko vplivajo različni dejavniki, kot so spol, indeks telesne mase (ITM) in telesna dejavnost. Namen: Namen magistrskega dela je bil ovrednotiti statično in dinamično ravnotežje pri otrocih prvega in drugega razreda osnovne šole ter ugotoviti, ali se rezultati testov ravnotežja razlikujejo glede na spol in kategorijo ITM ter ali so povezani s tedensko količino organizirane telesne dejavnosti. Metode dela: V presečno kvantitativno raziskavo je bilo vključenih 99 otrok, starih med šest in osem let, z dveh ljubljanskih osnovnih šol. Statično ravnotežje smo ocenili s testom stoje na eni nogi v treh različnih pogojih (z odprtimi očmi na stabilni podlagi, z zaprtimi očmi na stabilni podlagi ter z odprtimi očmi na nestabilni podlagi), dinamično ravnotežje pa s testom hoje po gredi. Podatke o starosti in organizirani telesni dejavnosti smo pridobili z vprašalnikom, antropometrične značilnosti pa z meritvami. Za statistično analizo smo uporabili Mann-Whitneyjev test in Spearmanovo korelacijo. Rezultati: Dekleta so dosegla statistično značilno boljše rezultate od fantov pri statičnem ravnotežju z odprtimi očmi na stabilni podlagi (p = 0,009) in na nestabilni podlagi (p = 0,006), medtem ko pri statičnem ravnotežju z zaprtimi očmi in dinamičnem ravnotežju nismo ugotovili razlik med spoloma. Prav tako nismo ugotovili statistično značilnih razlik v rezultatih testov ravnotežja glede na kategorijo ITM ali vključenost v organizirano telesno dejavnost. Poleg tega nismo ugotovili statistično značilne povezanosti med ITM in rezultati testov ravnotežja niti med tedensko količino organizirane telesne dejavnosti in rezultati testov ravnotežja. Razprava in zaključek: Ugotovili smo, da so razlike med spoloma pri otrocih prvega in drugega razreda osnovne šole prisotne predvsem pri določenih oblikah statičnega ravnotežja, medtem ko povezave med ravnotežjem, kategorijo ITM in organizirano telesno dejavnostjo nismo potrdili. Rezultati se skladajo z nekaterimi že izvedenimi raziskavami, treba pa bi bilo izvesti še dodatne raziskave za slovensko populacijo z bolj reprezentativnim vzorcem ter bolj specifičnimi meritvami telesne pripravljenosti otrok.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: magistrska dela, fizioterapija, ravnotežje, statično ravnotežje, dinamično ravnotežje, osnovnošolski otroci, indeks telesne mase, telesna dejavnost
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [B. Goršin]
• Year: 2026
• Number of pages: IX, 36 str., [3] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-188185
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 291915523
• Publication date in RUL: 19.09.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Association of static and dynamic balance with sex, body mass index, and organized physical activity in first- and second-grade primary school children : master's thesis

Abstract

Introduction: Balance is an important motor skill that helps maintain body stability during standing and movement. It is essential for performing everyday activities. In the early primary school period, balance is still developing and can be influenced by various factors, such as sex, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity. Purpose: The aim of the master's thesis was to evaluate static and dynamic balance in first- and second-grade primary school children and to determine whether balance test results differ according to sex and BMI category, and whether they are associated with the weekly amount of organized physical activity. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study included 99 children aged between six and eight years from two different primary schools in Ljubljana. Static balance was assessed using the one-leg stance test under three conditions (eyes open on a stable surface, eyes closed on a stable surface, and eyes open on an unstable surface). Dynamic balance was assessed using the beam walking test. Data on age and organised physical activity were collected using a questionnaire, while anthropometric characteristics were obtained through measurements. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U test and Spearman's correlation. Results: Girls achieved significantly better results in the static balance test with eyes open on a stable surface (p = 0.009) and on an unstable surface (p = 0.006). No significant sex differences were found in the eyes-closed condition or in the dynamic balance test. There were also no significant differences in balance test results according to BMI category or participation in organized physical activity. Furthermore, no significant correlations were found between BMI or weekly amount of organized physical activity and any of the balance test results. Discussion and conclusion: Sex differences in first- and second-grade primary school children were found only in specific static balance tasks, while no associations were found between balance, BMI category, and organized physical activity. The results are consistent with findings from some previous studies; however, further research involving the Slovenian population is needed, using a more representative sample and more specific measures of children's physical fitness.

• Keywords: master's theses, physiotherapy, balance, static balance, dynamic balance, primary school children, body mass index, physical activity