Introduction: The use of e-cigarettes is continuously increasing, and they are most commonly used by vulnerable groups such as young people and pregnant women. There is a widespread belief that e-cigarettes are less harmful than conventional cigarettes; however, the harmful effects of e-cigarettes are becoming increasingly evident. E-liquid typically consists of a solvent, flavourings, and often nicotine in varying doses. It also contains compounds that are classified as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) for ingestion, but there are no safety data regarding inhalation, which represents a potential risk. Aim: The aim was to identify which compounds are present in selected e-cigarettes, determine their concentrations, assess the potential health risks associated with their inhalation, and examine discrepancies between the declared and the actually measured chemical composition. Methods: A descriptive literature review method was used. We analysed and compared nine different e-cigarette samples using the analytical method of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Conclusion: Currently, little is known about the long-term effects of e-cigarette use, as they have been on the market for less than 20 years. Consequently, the compounds in e-cigarettes have not been sufficiently studied, and their effects on human health are not fully understood. Therefore, it cannot be concluded that they are safer or more harmful than conventional cigarettes. The effects and risks associated with e-cigarettes will likely become more evident in the future.
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