Načrtovanje 3D modelov nosilnih pladnjev za polagalni stroj v proizvodnji tiskanih vezij

Tubić, Zoran (author), Vončina, Danjel (mentor)

V tem magistrskem delu je predstavljen projekt 3D-Gen, programsko orodje za samodejno generiranje 3D-modelov nosilnih pladnjev. Nosilni pladnji se v proizvodnem procesu uporabljajo kot nosilci elektronskih komponent, ki jih polagalni stroj (ang. Pick and Place) s pladnja pobere in namesti na tiskano vezje. Takšen način podajanja komponent je primeren predvsem za večje in dražje elektronske komponente oziroma komponente, ki niso dobavljene v zadostnih količinah ali jih zaradi omejenega prostora za podajalnike ni smiselno namestiti na običajne podajalnike polagalnega stroja. Glavni namen projekta je poenostavitev in optimizacija izdelave nosilnih pladnjev s samodejnim generiranjem njihovih 3D-modelov. Manjše elektronske komponente so običajno dobavljene na trakovih in se v stroj podajajo prek podajalnikov (ang. feeder). Pri posebnih oziroma večjih ali dražjih komponentah je potrebno te predhodno namestiti na nosilni pladenj. Ta vsebuje udrtine ustreznih dimenzij (globine, širine in višine), ki omogočajo pravilno in zanesljivo namestitev več različnih tipov komponent. Orodje 3D-Gen je razvito v programskem jeziku Python. Za vnos parametrov se uporablja grafični uporabniški vmesnik, za generiranje 3D-modela pa izvedljiva datoteka aplikacije OpenSCAD, ki omogoča tekstovno zasnovano modeliranje. Orodje omogoča izdelavo 3D-modelov nosilnih pladnjev na podlagi vhodnih podatkov o številu, dimenzijah komponent in robnih pogojih, s čimer se bistveno zmanjša potreba po ročnem modeliranju. Tako generirane modele je nato mogoče izdelati s 3D-tiskanjem ali strojno obdelati s CNC strojem. Rezultati kažejo, da uporaba razvitega programskega orodja skrajša čas načrtovanja nosilnih pladnjev, saj odpravi potrebo po ročnem modeliranju. Posledično se znižajo stroški proizvodnega procesa ter zmanjša možnost napak. To uporabnikom omogoča, da se bolj osredotočijo na dejanski proces polaganja komponent s polagalnim strojem, ne da bi se morali ukvarjati z morebitnimi težavami pri generiranju nosilnih pladnjev ali z njihovim ročnim načrtovanjem.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: 3D-model, avtomatizacija proizvodnje, Pick and Place, nosilni pladenj, OpenSCAD, Python
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FE - Faculty of Electrical Engineering
• Year: 2026
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-188128
• Publication date in RUL: 18.09.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Design of 3D models of carrier trays for a pick and place machine in printed circuit board production

Abstract

This master's thesis presents the 3D-Gen project, a software tool for the automatic generation of 3D models of carrier trays. Carrier trays are used to hold larger electronic components that are picked from the tray by a Pick and Place machine and placed onto a printed circuit board (PCB). This method of component feeding is particularly suitable for larger or more expensive components, as well as for components that are not supplied in sufficient quantities or cannot be efficiently placed using conventional feeders due to space constraints. The main purpose of the project is to simplify and optimize production of these plates through the automatic generation of their 3D models. Smaller electronic components are usually supplied on belts and fed into the PnP machine via feeders. For special, larger or more expensive components, prior positioning on carrier tray is required. The tray contains recesses of appropriate dimensions (depth, width and height), enabling correct and reliable placement of multiple different types of components. The 3D-Gen tool is developed in the Python programming language. Parameters are entered via graphical window, while an executable version of the OpenSCAD application, which enables text-based modeling, is used to generate the 3D model. The tool enables the creation of 3D models of carrier trays based on input data regarding the number and dimensions of the components and the boundary conditions, significantly reducing the need for manual modeling. The generaed models can then be manufactured using a 3D printer or a CNC machine. The results show that the use of the developed software tool significantly reduces the design time of carrier trays by elimination the need for manual modeling. As a result, the costs of the manufacturing process are reduced and the possibility of errors is minimised. This allows users to focus more on the actual component placement process using Pick and Place machine, without having to deal with potential issues related to the generation of carrier trays or their manual design.

• Keywords: 3D-model, production automation, Pick and Place, carrier plate, OpenSCAD, Python