Določitev koordinat sanirane trigonometrične točke 91 na Smuku nad Semičem : diplomsko delo

Konda, Klemen (author), Ambrožič, Tomaž (mentor), Pavlovčič Prešeren, Polona (comentor)

V diplomski nalogi obravnavamo ponovno vzpostavitev, izmero in izravnavo geodetske mikromreže na Smuku pri cerkvi sv. Lovrenca. Osnovni cilj naloge je bil določiti koordinate in višino nove strehe zvonika, rekonstruirane leta 2013, ter rezultate nove izmere primerjati z meritvami iz leta 1997. Pomembno osnovo je predstavljalo ohranjeno arhivsko gradivo, na podlagi katerega smo lahko rekonstruirali nekdanje stanje mreže ter v celoti ponovno obdelali in izravnali prvotne meritve. Pred novo izmero smo opravili rekognosciranje terena, obnovili oziroma novo stabilizirali izbrane točke ter zaradi spremenjenih razmer in vegetacije dopolnili geometrijo mreže. Novo mrežo smo izmerili s preciznim elektronskim tahimetrom, tri njene točke pa tudi s statično metodo GNSS. Izravnavno mreže v ravnini projekcije smo izvedli kot prosto mrežo ter jo nato vklopili v novi državni koordinatni sistem D96-17/TM ter kot vklopljeno mrežo v stari državni koordinatni sistem D48/GK. Posebno pozornost smo namenili določitvi a-priori standardnih odklonov meritev in vplivu uteži na rezultate izravnave. Pokazalo se je, da je ustrezno uteževanje posebej pomembno pri kratkih vizurah na zvonik, ki zaradi načina signalizacije niso primerljive z vizurami na precizne reflektorje. Obravnavali smo tudi državni model trikotniške transformacije ter ocenili njegovo kakovost na območju Smuka s primerjavo transformiranih koordinat s koordinatami, neodvisno določenimi z novo geodetsko izmero. Primerjava rezultatov nove in pretekle izmere je omogočila tudi presojo stabilnosti ohranjenih točk ter pokazala premik ene od točk stare mreže. Naloga poleg rezultatov nove izmere poudarja pomen kakovostno arhiviranih geodetskih podatkov in trajno stabiliziranih točk. Ti omogočajo rekonstrukcijo preteklega stanja, primerjavo meritev iz različnih časovnih obdobij ter preverjanje kakovosti transformacij in stabilnosti geodetske osnove skozi daljše časovno obdobje.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomske naloge, gradbeništvo, trigonometrična točka, geodetska mreža, navezovalna mreža, redukcija dolžin, horizontalna izravnava, višinska izravnava, določitev koordinat zvonika
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: FGG - Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [K. Konda]
• Year: 2026
• Number of pages: 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (XI, 64 str., [144] str. pril.))
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-188078
• UDC: 528.338(497.434)(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 291709187
• Publication date in RUL: 18.09.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Determination of the coordinates of the restored trigonometric point 91 at Smuk hill above Semič

Abstract

The thesis deals with the re-establishment, surveying, and adjustment of a geodetic micronetwork at Smuk near the Church of St. Lawrence. The main objective was to determine the coordinates and elevation of the new church tower roof, reconstructed in 2013, and to compare the results of the new survey with measurements from 1997. Preserved archival documentation provided an important basis for the work, as it enabled us to reconstruct the former state of the network and to fully reprocess and readjust the original measurements. Prior to the new survey, we carried out field reconnaissance, restored or re-established selected points, and modified the network geometry due to changes in the surroundings and vegetation. The new network was surveyed using a precise electronic total station, while three of its points were also observed using the static GNSS method. The horizontal adjustment was first performed as a free-network adjustment, after which the network was fitted into the current national coordinate system D96-17/TM and then as constrained network adjustment at former national coordinate system D48/GK. Particular attention was paid to determining the a priori standard deviations of the observations and to assessing the influence of weighting on the adjustment results. Appropriate weighting proved to be especially important for short sight lines to the church tower, which, due to the method of target definition and signalization, are not directly comparable with observations to precision reflectors. We also examined the national triangle-based transformation model and assessed its quality in the Smuk area by comparing transformed coordinates with coordinates determined independently from the new geodetic survey. A comparison of the new and historical survey results also enabled us to assess the stability of the preserved points and revealed a displacement of one of the points of the former network. In addition to presenting the results of the new survey, the thesis highlights the importance of properly archived geodetic data and permanently monumented control points. These make it possible to reconstruct past conditions, compare surveys from different time periods, and assess the quality of transformations and the long-term stability of the geodetic control framework.

• Keywords: graduation thesis, civil engineering, trigonometric point, geodetic network, control network, length reduction, horizontal adjustment, vertical adjustment, determination of the bell tower's coordinates