Povezanost med telesno vadbo, menstrualnim ciklom in počutjem pri ženskah : magistrsko delo

Pečjak Ferlež, Julija (author), Videmšek, Mateja (mentor), Hadžić, Vedran (comentor)

Namen magistrskega dela je bil ugotoviti, ali obstaja povezava med telesno vadbo, menstrualnim ciklom in počutjem pri ženskah. Menstrualni cikel je biološki pojav s cikličnim nihanjem spolnih hormonov, ki je povezan s celotnim življenjem ženske. Z raziskavo smo želeli preveriti, ali se značilnosti menstualnega cikla in menstrualni simptomi razlikujejo glede na intenzivnost telesne vadbe. Zanimalo nas je, v kolikšni meri ženske prilagajajo vrsto oziroma intenzivnost vadbe glede na posamezne faze menstrualnega cikla. Preveriti smo želeli tudi, ali se telesno in psihično počutje žensk med menstruacijo razlikuje glede na intenzivnost telesne vadbe. Na koncu smo želeli raziskati, ali se značilnosti menstrualnega cikla razlikujejo med uporabnicami in neuporabnicami hormonske kontracepcije. Podatke smo pridobili s spletnim anketnim vprašalnikom, ki je bil pripravljen v spletnem orodju 1KA. Vprašalnik smo razdelili med študentke na Fakulteti za šport in na družbenih omrežjih. K sodelovanju so bile povabljene ženske, stare od 18 do 40 let. Po zaključku zbiranja podatkov smo iz spletnega orodja 1KA v končno analizo vključili 146 izpolnjenih vprašalnikov. V raziskavi smo ugotovili, da se rednost in dolžina menstrualnega cikla nista razlikovala glede na intenzivnost telesne vadbe. Ženske z bolj intenzivno vadbo poročajo o manj težavah in menstrualnih simptomih kot ženske z manj intenzivno vadbo. Ženske z manj intenzivno vadbo so poročale o pogostejših telesnih in psiholoških menstrualnih simptomih, pri čemer so statistično značilne razlike prisotne pri šestih specifičnih simptomih. Ugotovili smo tudi, da ženske redko prilagajajo vadbo fazam menstrualnega cikla. Med tistimi, ki jo prilagajajo, je najpogostejši način zmanjšanje intenzivnosti, medtem ko je najpogostejše obdobje prilagajanja med menstruacijo. Izkazalo se je, da so anketiranke najvišjo telesno zmogljivost in motivacijo zaznale v ovulacijski ter pozni folikularni fazi, medtem ko so bile najnižje vrednosti prisotne med menstruacijo in v pozni lutealni fazi. Na koncu smo ugotovili tudi, da med uporabnicami in neuporabnicami hormonske kontracepcije ni bilo razlik pri rednosti in dolžini cikla ter večini menstrualnih simptomov.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: telesna vadba, menstrualni cikel, počutje, menstrualni simptomi, hormonska kontracepcija
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Year: 2026
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-187949
• COBISS.SI-ID: 301030659
• Publication date in RUL: 17.09.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The relationship between physical exercise, the menstrual cycle, and well-being in women

Abstract

The purpose of this master’s thesis was to determine whether there is a connection between physical exercise, the menstrual cycle, and well-being in women. The menstrual cycle is a biological phenomenon characterized by cyclical fluctuations in sex hormones, which is linked to all aspects of a woman’s life. Through this study, we sought to examine whether the characteristics of the menstrual cycle and menstrual symptoms differ depending on the intensity of physical exercise. We were interested in the extent to which women adjust the type or intensity of their exercise based on the specific phases of their menstrual cycle. We also wanted to examine whether women’s physical and mental well-being during menstruation varies depending on the intensity of their physical exercise. Finally, we sought to investigate whether the characteristics of the menstrual cycle and the perception of menstrual symptoms differ between users and non-users of hormonal contraception. We collected the data using an online survey questionnaire created with the 1KA online tool. We distributed the questionnaire to female students at the Faculty of Sport and via social media. Women aged 18 to 40 were invited to participate. After data collection was completed, we included 146 completed questionnaires from the 1KA online tool in the final analysis. In our study, we found that the regularity and length of the menstrual cycle did not differ based on the intensity of physical exercise. Women who exercised more intensely reported fewer problems and menstrual symptoms than women who exercised less intensely. Women who exercised at a lower intensity reported more frequent physical and psychological menstrual symptoms, with statistically significant differences observed for six specific symptoms. We also found that women rarely adjust their exercise routines to the phases of their menstrual cycle. Among those who do adjust their exercise, the most common approach is to reduce intensity, and the most common time for adjustment is during menstruation. It turned out that the respondents perceived their highest physical performance and motivation during the ovulatory and late follicular phases, while the lowest values were observed during menstruation and in the late luteal phase. Finally, we also found that there were no differences between users and non-users of hormonal contraception in terms of cycle regularity and length, as well as most menstrual symptoms.

• Keywords: physical exercise, menstrual cycle, well-being, menstrual symptoms, hormonal contraception