The thesis presents a comparison of lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries in terms of their composition, materials used, electrical and chemical properties and suitability for different fields of application. For lithium-ion batteries, the two currently most important designs, NMC and LFP are presented. Due to their different characteristics, they are used for different purposes. Sodium-ion batteries are still an emerging technology with the potential to become a competitive alternative to other technologies on the market.
The comparison covers key battery characteristics such as energy density, lifetime, capacity, power, voltage, safety, cost, availability of raw materials and operating temperature range. Particular attention is paid to the influence of the electrolyte, the formation of interphases and cathode structures. Sodium-ion batteries have a lower energy density than lithium-ion batteries but offer potential advantages in low-temperature operation and raw material availability.
Based on the discussed content it can be concluded that sodium-ion batteries are currently not yet a suitable replacement for lithium-ion technology. However, they represent a serious alternative for use in certain applications, where energy density is not the most important parameter. The future battery market will likely be based on several different chemistries, with NMC, LFP and sodium-ion batteries being used depending on the specific application.
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