MERJENJE HITROSTI NA MODELNIH ŽELEZNICAH

Marinko, Luka (author), Možek, Matej (mentor)

Naloga se ukvarja z načrtovanjem in izdelavo merilno-krmilnega sistema hitrosti lokomotiv za analogno krmiljene modelne železnice. Opisani in obravnavani so štirje različni pristopi k merjenju hitrosti: merjenje z zaznavo spremembe napetosti, merjenje s parom fotoprekinjevalnikov (ang. photo interrupter), merjenje s Hallovima senzorjema in merjenje s sonarjem. Izdelana in predstavljena so prototipna vezja merilnih sistemov ter programska oprema, ki se izvaja na mikrokrmilniku. Meritve so izvedene na štirih različnih modelih lokomotiv v merilu H0 1:87. Izdelan merilno-krmilni sistem z izvajanjem in združevanjem zajetih meritev določi hitrostno karakteristiko v odvisnosti od krmilne napetosti za izbrani model. Na podlagi meritev je bil za najbolj zanesljiv način merjenja brez posegov na samih modelih izbran način merjenja hitrosti s parom fotoprekinjevalnikov. Sledil mu je sistem merjenja s Hallovim senzorjem, a je za delovanje potreboval preveč dodelav. Sistema merjenja hitrosti s sonarjem in spremembo zaznave napetosti sta se zaradi odvisnosti od lastnosti modelov izkazala za nezanesljiva.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: modelna železnica, hitrost, napetostno-hitrostna karakteristika
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: FE - Faculty of Electrical Engineering
• Year: 2026
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-187575
• Publication date in RUL: 11.09.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: SPEED MEASUREMENT ON MODEL RAILWAYS

Abstract

The research deals with the design and construction of a locomotive speed measurement and control system for analog-controlled model railways. Four different approaches to speed measurement are described and discussed: measurement by detecting voltage changes, measurement with a pair of photo interrupters, measurement with Hall effect sensors and measurement with sonar. Prototype circuits of measurement systems and software implemented on a microcontroller are produced and presented. Measurements are performed on four different locomotive models in H0 1:87 scale. The produced measurement and control system determines the speed characteristic depending on the control voltage for the selected model by performing and combining the captured measurements. Based on results, the most reliable method of measurement without intervention on the models themselves was chosen as the method of measurement with a pair of photo interrupters. It was followed by the method of measurement with Hall effect sensors, although requiring an additional wagon. Methods of measurement by sonar and by detecting voltage changes proved to be unreliable due to their dependance on the properties of the models.

• Keywords: model railway, speed, voltage-speed characteristic