Vpliv kombiniranih postopkov utrjevanja na uporabne lastnosti vlaknovin za izolacijo notranjih prostorov

Macharia, Tony (author), Šajn Gorjanc, Dunja (mentor)

V diplomskem delu je obravnavan vpliv različnih postopkov utrjevanja na uporabne lastnosti netkanih tekstilij iz 100-odstotnih poliestrskih vlaken z vidika njihove potencialne uporabe kot podpornih materialov v sistemih notranje izolacije. Analiziranih je bilo šest preliminarnih vzorcev: vzorec 1 je bil mehansko utrjen z iglanjem, vzorca 2 in 6 termično z vročim zrakom, vzorec 4 s kalandriranjem, vzorca 3 in 5 pa s kombinacijo utrjevanja z vročim zrakom in kalandriranja. Ploščinska masa vzorcev je znašala od 100 do 160 g/m², debelina pa od 0,85 do 1,71 mm. Vzorec 1 je dosegel največjo povprečno debelino 1,71 mm in največjo odprtost površine 10,52 %. Največjo zračno prepustnost je imel vzorec 4 (199,9 l/h; 1,666 m³/(m²·min)), sledila sta vzorec 6 (170,6 l/h; 1,422 m³/(m²·min)) in vzorec 5 (136,0 l/h; 1,133 m³/(m²·min)), najmanjšo pa vzorec 3 (122,8 l/h; 1,023 m³/(m²·min)). Največjo prepustnost vodne pare je dosegel vzorec 6 (73,96 g/(m²·h)), najmanjšo pa vzorec 3 (56,21 g/(m²·h)). Pri merjenju toplotne prevodnosti je imel vzorec 1 najvišjo povprečno vrednost 0,377 W/(m·K), sledili so vzorec 4 z 0,245 W/(m·K), vzorec 2 z 0,242 W/(m·K), vzorec 3 z 0,228 W/(m·K), vzorec 6 z 0,220 W/(m·K) in vzorec 5 z najnižjo vrednostjo 0,216 W/(m·K). Rezultati potrjujejo, da postopek utrjevanja pomembno vpliva na strukturo, prepustnost in toplotne lastnosti netkanih tekstilij, pri čemer je kombinacija utrjevanja z vročim zrakom in kalandriranja omogočila ugodno razmerje med mehansko stabilnostjo in toplotnimi lastnostmi. Zaradi majhne debeline preiskovanih vzorcev, ki je znašala približno 1 mm, in izmerjenih vrednosti toplotne prevodnosti teh materialov ni mogoče obravnavati kot samostojne toplotnoizolacijske materiale za uporabo v gradbeništvu. Njihova predvidena vloga je predvsem uporaba kot podporni material v večkomponentnih sistemih notranje izolacije, kjer lahko njihove strukturne, mehanske in transportne lastnosti prispevajo k funkcionalnosti celotnega sistema. Raziskava je primerjalno usmerjena v vrednotenje vpliva različnih postopkov utrjevanja na lastnosti tankih netkanih tekstilij ter kaže, da je z ustrezno izbiro in s kombinacijo postopkov mogoče njihove lastnosti prilagajati zahtevam uporabe kot podpornih materialov za notranjo izolacijo.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: netkane tekstilije, kombinirano toplotno utrjevanje z vročim zrakom in s kalandrom, izolacija, toplotna prevodnost, zračna prepustnost, mehanske lastnosti.
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: NTF - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering
• Year: 2026
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-187542
• Publication date in RUL: 11.09.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Influence of combined hardening processes on performance properties of fibrous materials for interior space insulation

Abstract

The thesis discusses the influence of different hardening processes on the performance properties of nonwoven textiles made from 100% polyester fibres, with a focus on their potential use as support materials in internal insulation systems. Six preliminary samples were analysed: sample 1 was mechanically hardened by needling, samples 2 and 6 were thermally hardened by hot air, sample 4 was hardened by calendering, and samples 3 and 5 were hardened by a combination of hot air hardening and calendering. The weight of the samples ranged from 100 to 160 g/m², and the thickness from 0.85 to 1.71 mm. Sample 1 achieved the maximum average thickness of 1.71 mm and the greatest surface openness of 10.52%. The highest air permeability was achieved by sample 4 (199.9 l/h), followed by sample 6 (170.6 l/h) and sample 5 (136.0 l/h), while the lowest was recorded for sample 3 (122.8 l/h). The highest water vapour permeability was achieved by sample 6 (73.96 g/(m²·h)), and the lowest by sample 3 (56.21 g/(m²·h)). In measurements of thermal conductivity, sample 1 had the highest average value of 0.377 W/(m·K), followed by sample 4 with 0.245 W/(m·K), sample 2 with 0.242 W/(m·K), sample 3 with 0.228 W/(m·K), sample 6 with 0.220 W/(m·K), and sample 5 with the lowest value of 0.216 W/(m·K). The results confirm that the hardening process has a significant impact on the structure, permeability and thermal properties of nonwovens, with the combination of hot air hardening and calendering providing a favourable balance between mechanical stability and thermal properties. Due to the small thickness of the investigated samples, approximately 1 mm, and the measured thermal conductivity values, these materials cannot be considered independent thermal insulation materials for use in construction. Instead, their intended role is primarily as support materials in multi-component internal insulation systems, where their structural, mechanical and transport properties can contribute to the functionality of the entire system. The research is primarily comparative and demonstrates that appropriate selection and combination of hardening processes can tailor the properties of thin nonwovens to the requirements of their intended application.

• Keywords: nonwovens, combined thermal bonding with hot air and calendering, insulation, thermal conductivity, air permeability, mechanical properties.