Svetlobni in taktilni objekti za bolj celostno izkušnjo likovnega dela

Lap, Eva (author), Muck, Deja (mentor), Beja, Boris (comentor)

V diplomskem delu smo raziskali, kako bi likovna dela lahko prilagodili na inkluziven način s prilagoditvami, ki bi omogočale zaznavo umetniških del tudi ranljivim skupinam. Po predlogi likovnega dela je bil v ta namen izdelan prototip tipne interpretacije. Modeli tipnih interpretacij so bili ustvarjeni v programih za 3D grafiko in nato natisnjeni s 3D tiskalnikom. Ker je delež slepih ljudi, ki ne zaznavajo svetlobe, majhen, smo prototip tipne interpretacije nadgradili z umestitvijo svetlobnega vira z namenom, da bi le-ta pripomogel k boljšemu zaznavanju likovnega dela. V ta namen se je ustrezno prilagodila hrbtna stran modela, tako da je svetloba lažje prehajala skozi tiskan prototip tipne interpretacije, zato smo izdelali litofan. V teoretičnem delu smo na kratko opisali tehnologije 3D tiska, taktilni modeli ter litofan. Predstavili smo področje slepote in slabovidnosti, poglavje pa smo zaključili z zaznavanjem svetlobe in barve pri ljudeh ter kratko predstavitvijo interaktivnih sistemov. V praktičnem delu smo predstavili izdelavo litofana in umestitev svetlobnega vira z vključitvijo interaktivnega sistema v objekt ter testirali prehodnost svetlobe skozi različne debeline izdelanih prototipov. Namen diplomskega dela je bil izboljšati dostopnost in uporabniško izkušnjo likovnega dela in narediti končni prototip čim dostopnejši širši publiki; ugotoviti, kako prilagoditi intenzivnost svetlobnega vira na način, da slepim in slabovidnim olajša zaznavo in navigacijo po taktilni interpretaciji likovnega dela; in kako natisniti model ter izvesti poodbdelavo. Prototip vključuje litofan kot taktilno interpretacijo likovnega dela, svetlobni vir ter interaktivni sistem, s katerim usmerjamo svetlobni vir ter omogočamo bolj celostno zaznavanje likovnega dela. Svetloba, ki prehaja skozi različne debeline sten litofana poudari motiv likovnega dela. Ustvari se svetlobni kontrast, ki bistveno izboljša vizualno in senzorično izkušnjo interpretacije umetniškega dela, kar je ključnega pomena za uporabnike z okvaro vida.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Taktilni 3D model, taktilna interpretacija likovnega dela, litofan, interaktivni sistem, inkluzivnost
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: NTF - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering
• Year: 2026
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-187529
• Publication date in RUL: 11.09.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Light and Tactile Models for Integrated and Inclusive Art Experience

Abstract

In this thesis, we explored how artworks can be adapted more inclusively by introducing modifications that facilitate perception for vulnerable groups. Based on an artwork reference, a model was created as a tactile reproduction that enables easier interpretation for these groups. The references are modeled using 3D graphics software and subsequently produced through 3D printing. The proportion of blind individuals who do not perceive light at all is relatively small, therefore an appropriate placement of a light source could contribute to a better understanding of the artwork. For this purpose, the back side of the model was adapted to allow light to pass through more easily, resulting in the creation of a lithophane. Additional transparency of the object was achieved using translucent filament. The light source was placed behind the lithophane. In this context, it was reasonable to develop a simple interactive system that accompanies the user while they perceive the information of the tactile model. The aim of this thesis was to determine the most suitable 3D printing technology and filament for creating the tactile model, as well as to establish effective post-processing methods. The theoretical framework covers these printing technologies and post-processing techniques, linking them to tactile perception and how blind and visually impaired individuals perceive light. Additionally, based on the transparency of the printed model, the study determines the appropriate intensity of the required light source, as well as the interactive system that serves as the light source. The purpose of the diploma thesis was to improve the accessibility and user experience of an artwork and to make the final product as accessible as possible to a wider audience. The thesis aimed to determine how to adjust the intensity of the light source to facilitate perception and navigation for blind and visually impaired users when interacting with the reproduction of the artwork, as well as how to print and post-process the model while maintaining both the model and the light source in an aesthetically pleasing form.

• Keywords: Tactile 3D model, accessibility, lithophane, interactive system, inclusive art experience