Magnetno resonančno slikanje možganskih tumorjev: primerjava odraslega in pediatričnega protokola : diplomsko delo

Ekart, Zala (author), Ribar, Ela (author), Podobnik, Janez (mentor), Dolenc, Laura (comentor), Žager Marciuš, Valerija (reviewer)

Uvod: Možganski tumorji predstavljajo resno patologijo, ki lahko prizadene otroke in odrasle, ne glede na starost. Za njihovo odkrivanje se uporabljajo različne slikovne radiološke diagnostične metode, ker pa so možgani iz mehkega tkiva, se najpogosteje uporablja magnetna resonanca. Magnetna resonanca predstavlja varno slikovno metodo, ker za pridobitev slike pri njej ne uporabljamo ionizirajočega sevanja. Med otroškimi in odraslimi možgani obstajajo razlike v sestavi in anatomiji, zato se protokola za njihovo slikanje razlikujeta. V uvodu smo predstavili različna pulzna zaporedja, ki so bila uporabljena v protokolih, ki smo jih v nadaljevanju še primerjali. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil predstaviti in primerjati protokola za slikanje otroških in odraslih možganov. Prav tako smo želeli predstaviti pomembnost magnetne resonance za prikazovanje tumorjev in poiskati razlike v anatomiji otroških in odraslih možganov. Metode dela: Iz metodološkega vidika je bila v diplomskem delu uporabljena metoda pregledne presečne raziskave, kjer smo primerjali protokola za magnetno resonančno slikanje možganskih tumorjev. To smo podprli z literaturo iskano na različnih strokovnih podatkovnih bazah, kar predstavlja deskriptivno metodo. Za iskanje literature so bile uporabljene naslednje baze: Google Učenjak, Science Direct, CINAHL in PubMed. Ključne besede za iskanje strokovnih člankov in raziskav so bile v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku. Protokol za slikanje otroških možganskih tumorjev smo pridobili iz Pediatrične klinike v Ljubljani, protokol za slikanje možganskih tumorjev odraslih pa iz Nevrološke klinike v Ljubljani. Rezultati: V rezultatih smo predstavili dva različna protokola za magnetno resonančno slikanje možganskih tumorjev. Primerjava je vključevala različna pulzna zaporedja kot so: T2, T2 Turbo Spin Echo, T1 Spin Echo, T1 in T1 po kontrastnem sredstvu ter difuzijsko in susceptibilnostno poudarjeno slikanje. Pri posameznem pulznem zaporedju smo v tabeli predstavili čas ponavljanja, čas odmeva, čas inverzije, velikost slikovnega polja, velikost slikovnega elementa, razmak med rezinami, število povprečitev in čas meritve. Razprava in zaključek: Po pregledu in iskanju razlik med protokoloma smo ugotovili, da se protokola razlikujeta, kar izhaja iz prilagoditev na sestavo otroških in odraslih možganov. Protokoli iz tuje literature se s primerjanima v grobem ne razlikujejo.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, radiološka tehnologija, možganski tumor, magnetna resonanca, pediatrija, magnetno resonančni protokoli
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [Z. Ekart : E. Ribar]
• Year: 2026
• Number of pages: IX, 29 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-187453
• UDC: 616-07
• COBISS.SI-ID: 290961155
• Publication date in RUL: 11.09.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Magnetic resonance imaging of brain tumors: comparison of adult and pediatric protocols : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Brain tumors are a serious pathology which can affect children and adults, no regard to their age. Different radiologic modalities are used for discovering them, but because the brain is comprised of soft tissues, the most commonly used method is magnetic resonance imaging. MRI is a safe imaging method because it does not use any ionising radiation to obtain images. Due to differences in the anatomy and composition of pediatric and adult brains, the imaging protocols differ. In the introduction, we showcase different sequences used in the protocols as part of imaging of the brain. These were later compared. Purpose: The purpose of this research was to present and compare the protocol for imaging of brain tumors in children and adults as well as to highlight the significance of magnetic resonance imaging in this field and find the differences in imaging pediatric and adult brains. Methods: The methodology consisted of a cross sectional review in which magnetic resonance imaging protocols were compared. The study was supported by literature obtained from various databases, representing the descriptive method. The databases used were: Google Scholar, Science Direct, CINAHL and PubMed. The keywords used to search for relevant articles were in the slovenian and english language. The protocol for pediatric brain imaging was provided by the Pediatric clinic of Ljubljana and the protocol for adult brain imaging was provided by the Neurological clinic of Ljubljana. Results: In the results we presented two different brain tumor imaging protocols. Their comparison included different pulse sequences, such as: T1, T2 Turbo Spin Echo, T1 Spin Echo, T1 and T1 post contrast, diffusion weighted imaging and susceptibility weighted imaging. For each individual sequence we presented the repetition time, echo time, inversion time, size of imaging field, size of pixel, slice gap, number of averages and time of acquisition. Discussion and conclusion: Comparison of the two protocols revealed certain differences that are the result of adaptations to the characteristics of pediatric and adult brains. Protocols described in the foreign literature do not significantly differ from the compared protocols.

• Keywords: diploma theses, radiologic technology, brain tumor, magnetic resonance imaging, pediatrics, magnetic resonance imaging protocols