Karakteristike in provenienca karbonatnih zrn v arheološki keramiki slovenskega prostora

Šajna, Petra (author), Vrabec, Mirijam (mentor), Dolenec, Matej (comentor)

Karbonatna pustila predstavljajo v arheološki keramiki pomemben vir informacij o izbiri vhodnih surovin, tehnoloških postopkih izdelave keramike ter morebitnih spremembah v tehnologiji izdelave keramike skozi čas. Namen magistrskega dela je bil določiti vrste karbonatnih pustil v arheološki keramiki različnih časovnih obdobij in geografskih območij slovenskega prostora ter dela Avstrije ter ovrednotiti kronološke spremembe v tehnologiji temperiranja s karbonatnimi pustili. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 35 vzorcev arheološke keramike z devetih arheoloških najdišč, ki zajemajo obdobje od neolitika do novega veka. Polirani zbruski vzorcev so bili analizirani z optično mikroskopijo, pri čemer so bile določene morfološke in strukturne značilnosti karbonatnih zrn. Na izbranih vzorcih so bile izvedene dodatne analize nekarbonatnih mineralnih vključkov z vrstično elektronsko mikroskopijo z energijsko disperzijsko spektroskopijo rentgenskih žarkov ter določena elementna sestava izbranih karbonatnih zrn z geokemično analizo laserske ablacije z induktivno sklopljeno plazmo in masno spektrometrijo. Velikostna porazdelitev zrn in statistične analize so bile uporabljene za primerjavo vzorcev glede na časovno obdobje, najdišče in vrsto uporabljenega pustila. Rezultati so pokazali uporabo treh vrst karbonatnih pustil: sige, žilnega kalcita in marmorja. Velikostna porazdelitev karbonatnih zrn med vzorci ne kaže izrazitih kronoloških sprememb, prav tako niso bile prepoznane večje spremembe v količini uporabljenega pustila. Izbira vrste karbonatnega materiala je bila najverjetneje pogojena z lokalno dostopnostjo surovin. Geokemična analiza je pokazala potencial za razlikovanje med posameznimi viri karbonatnih surovin, vendar so za zanesljivejšo interpretacijo potrebne dodatne raziskave. Rezultati kažejo, da se tehnologija uporabe karbonatnih pustil v analiziranem času in prostoru ni bistveno spreminjala, delna odstopanja v strukturnih značilnostih karbonatnih pustil posameznih najdišč so pogojena z uporabo različnih vrst karbonatnih pustil.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: arheološka keramika, debelozrnata keramika s karbonatnim pustilom, siga, žilni kalcit, marmor
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: NTF - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering
• Year: 2026
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-187326
• Publication date in RUL: 10.09.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Characterisation and provenance determination of carbonate inclusions in archaeological ceramics from Slovenia

Abstract

Carbonate tempers in archaeological ceramics represent an important source of information on the selection of raw materials, technological processes of ceramic production, and potential changes in ceramic manufacturing technology through time. The aim of this master’s thesis was to determine the types of carbonate tempers used in archaeological ceramics from different chronological periods and geographical regions of Slovenia and Austria and to evaluate chronological changes in tempering technology involving carbonate tempers. The study included 35 archaeological ceramic samples from nine archaeological sites, covering a period from the Neolithic to the Modern period. Polished thin sections of the samples were analysed using optical microscopy, allowing the determination of morphological and structural characteristics of carbonate grains. Selected samples were additionally analysed for non-carbonate mineral inclusions using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, while the elemental composition of selected carbonate grains was determined using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Grain-size distributions and statistical analyses were applied to compare samples according to chronological period, archaeological site, and type of carbonate temper used. The results revealed the use of three types of carbonate tempers: speleothem, vein calcite, and marble. The grain-size distribution of carbonate tempers did not show distinct chronological changes between samples, and no significant changes in the amount of added temper were identified. The selection of carbonate material was most likely controlled by the local availability of raw materials. Geochemical analysis demonstrated the potential for distinguishing between individual sources of carbonate raw materials; however, additional investigations are required for more reliable interpretation. The results indicate that the technology of using carbonate tempers did not significantly change within the analysed period and geographical area, while partial variations in the structural characteristics of carbonate tempers between individual archaeological sites are attributed to the use of different types of carbonate materials.

• Keywords: archaeological ceramics, coarse-grained carbonate-tempered ceramics, speleothem, vein calcite, marble