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Investigating the role of prophage excision in bacterial motility and sporulation
ID Toman Drinovec, Zeta (Author), ID Dragoš, Anna Magdalena (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window, ID Vesel Gallay, Nina (Comentor)

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Abstract
Temperate bacteriophages (phages) have a complex impact on bacterial communities, reducing the host population due to lytic cycle induction or providing competitive advantage by introducing their accessory genes. Furthermore, phages known as regulatory switches also function as gene regulators. When necessary, prophage excision takes place, allowing for attachment gene reconstitution and expression, while simultaneously not triggering the lytic cycle. Even though this behaviour has been described in several phages, including SPbetaviruses SPβ and phi3T, known to excise during sporulation, little is known about regulatory switching under different conditions or by other phages of the genus. As preliminary data suggested impaired swarming in a kamA mutant strain, we focused on investigating how inducing those processes relates to regulatory excision of phi3T and goe11 prophages. To determine the role of attachment gene kamA in surface motility and monitor its expression, kamA deletion mutants and new fluorescent reporter strains were constructed. Gene kamA expression was tracked during swarming and sporulation with the use of fluorescent transcriptional reporter strains. Quantification of excision was determined by qPCR in different time-points under sporulation conditions. To differentiate spontaneous induction from regulatory excision, plaque assay was performed at the same time-points. No direct link between swarming and kamA expression could be confirmed, however certain constructs with kamA disruption showed swarming impairment. It was shown that kamA expression does not occur during swarming, while in sporulation it differs upon cultivation in NSM and LB media, which also impacts the temporal dynamics of regulatory excision of phi3T and goe11, respectively. While the novel characterization of goe11 as a regulatory switch contributes to the understanding of complex phage-host interactions, the possible role of kamA in swarming will have to be further investigated.

Language:English
Keywords:temperate bacteriophages, regulatory switch, sporulation, swarming, Bacillus subtilis, Spbetavirus
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher:[Z. Toman Drinovec]
Year:2026
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-186891 This link opens in a new window
UDC:579.25:578.347
COBISS.SI-ID:290136067 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:06.09.2026
Views:158
Downloads:34
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Secondary language

Language:Slovenian
Title:Raziskovanje učinka izreza profaga na bakterijsko gibljivost in sporulacijo
Abstract:
Temperatni bakteriofagi (fagi) imajo kompleksen vpliv na strukturo bakterijskih združb, saj po eni strani omejujejo gostiteljsko populacijo preko litičnega cikla, po drugi strani pa lahko preko lizogene preobrazbe gostitelju omogočajo kompetitivno prednost. Fagi, znani pod imenom regulatorna stikala, omogočajo uravnavanje izražanja gena, ki je prekinjen zaradi vstavitve profaga v gostiteljski genom. V razmerah, ki zahtevajo izražanje tega gena, pride do izreza profaga, ki ne vodi v litični cikel. Kljub temu, da je bil ta pojav opisan pri številnih vrstah, med drugim pri SPbetavirusih SPβ in phi3T, pri katerih pride do izreza profaga med sporulacijo, je o regulatornem izrezu pri drugih pogojih ali pri drugih fagih tega rodu znanega malo. Na podlagi opažene izgube rojenja pri sevih s prekinjenim genom kamA smo se osredotočili na spremljanje, kako sprožitev teh celičnih procesov vpliva na izrez profagov phi3T in goe11 iz gena kamA. Za spremljanje vloge gena kamA pri rojenju, smo pripravili seve s prekinjenim genom kamA in izražanje spremljali s pomočjo novih fluorescenčno označenih sevov. Izrezovanje smo kvantificirali s pomočjo qPCR-analize pri različnih časovnih točkah med sporulacijo. Da smo med seboj lahko ločili spontano indukcijo in regulatorni izrez profaga, smo v istih časovnih točkah izvedli test nastanka plakov. Kljub temu, da smo pokazali, da med rojenjem ne pride do izražanja gena kamA, smo opazili zmanjšano sposobnost rojenja pri različnih mutantah kamA. Potrdili smo izražanje kamA med sporulacijo, hkrati pa, da kultivacija v gojiščih LB in NSM vodi v različno časovno dinamiko izražanje kamA in regulatornega izreza profagov phi3T oziroma goe11. Medtem ko opredelitev faga goe11 kot regulatorno stikalo predstavlja doprinos k razumevanju kompleksnega odnosa med bakteriofagi in njihovimi gostitelji, ostaja morebitna povezava med genom kamA in rojenjem nerazjasnjena.

Keywords:temperentni bakteriofagi, regulatorno stikalo, sporulacija, rojenje, Bacillus subtilis, Spbetavirus

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