The growing global population and increasing environmental pollution are driving the search for alternative protein sources. In this context, cellular agriculture is emerging as a promising alternative, with potential applications in the production of milk components. Two key approaches are currently being developed for this purpose: precision fermentation and the cultivation of eukaryotic cells. In the first, currently more technologically advanced method, individual milk components are produced using genetically modified bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi. In the second method, researchers attempt to imitate the natural environment of the mammary gland to synthesise milk with epithelial cells, which is not yet feasible due to numerous technological limitations. The purpose of the thesis is to review the current state of development of cellular agriculture in the field of milk and milk component production and to present its possibilities and limitations. The thesis outlines the biochemistry of milk, both approaches to the in vitro production of milk components, and the key challenges and future prospects for the use of cellular agriculture.
|
