Bachelor's thesis describes the role of regulatory cells Treg in maintaining immune homeostasis and their involvement in the development of autoimmune diseases, cancer, and transplant rejection. The aim of the thesis is to analyse the mechanisms by which Treg cells either protect tissues or contribute to disease progression, and to evaluate their therapeutic potential. In thesis, I reviewed current therapeutic approaches, including adoptive Treg cell transfer and the use of genetically modified Treg cells, and analysed the physiology as well as mechanisms of Treg cell function. The findings indicate that a detailed understanding of Treg cell function enables the development of targeted therapies, which are essential for optimizing the treatment of oncological and autoimmune diseases and improving transplantation outcomes. Although current therapies are mostly in the preclinical and early clinical trial stages, the results confirm their potential for future medical practice. These methods open up new possibilities for the development of therapeutic strategies by enabling targeted modulation of complex immune response.
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