(Ne)učinkovitost Varnostnega sveta Združenih narodov v luči aktualnih konfliktov : (magistrsko diplomsko delo)

Vidmar, Rok (author), Sancin, Vasilka (mentor)

Varnostni svet Združenih narodov je najpomembnejši organ Organizacije združenih narodov na področju ohranjanja mednarodnega miru in varnosti. Na podlagi VII. poglavja Ustanovne listine Organizacije združenih narodov lahko v ta namen sprejema pravno zavezujoče odločitve, vključno z odobritvijo uporabe oborožene sile v skrajnem primeru. Vendar kljub širokim pristojnostim pogosto deluje izrazito nemočen ob soočanju s številnimi oboroženimi spopadi, ki ogrožajo mednarodni mir in varnost. To magistrsko diplomsko delo preučuje delovanje Varnostnega sveta na primerih oboroženih spopadov med Rusko federacijo in Ukrajino ter med Izraelom in Hamasom v Gazi. V obeh primerih je bil Varnostni svet nezmožen učinkovitega ukrepanja za ustavitev spopadov, vzrok za to pa gre iskati v pravici veta stalnih članic Varnostnega sveta, ki jim omogoča blokiranje njegovih odločitev, ki bi bile v nasprotju z njihovimi političnimi interesi, tudi za ceno mednarodnega miru in varnosti. Vsi poskusi reforme sestave in delovanja Varnostnega sveta so bili do danes neuspešni. Alternative, kot so resolucija »Združeni za mir« Generalne skupščine Združenih narodov, načelo odgovornosti zaščititi ali intervencije izven okvira Združenih narodov, ne morejo nadomestiti vloge Varnostnega sveta, saj jim manjka bodisi pravno zavezujoči učinek bodisi legitimnost v očeh mednarodne skupnosti v primerjavi z resolucijami Varnostnega sveta. Pojavljajo se različne neformalne pobude za prostovoljno omejevanje uporabe veta stalnih članic Varnostnega sveta v primerih množičnih grozodejstev, vendar je njihov učinek omejen, saj se jim večina stalnih članic Varnostnega sveta ni pridružila. Hipoteza tega magistrskega diplomskega dela je, da ustroj Varnostnega sveta Združenih narodov z institutom stalnih članic s pravico veta onemogoča njegovo učinkovito ukrepanje za ohranjanje mednarodnega miru in varnosti.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Varnostni svet Združenih narodov, ohranjanje mednarodnega miru in varnosti, veto, Ukrajina, Gaza
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: R. Vidmar
• Year: 2026
• Number of pages: 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (VI, 51 str.))
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-186036
• UDC: 341.1+341.217(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 289143043
• Publication date in RUL: 26.08.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The (in)effectiveness of the United Nations Security Council in light of ongoing conflicts

Abstract

The United Nations Security Council is the most important body of the United Nations in the field of maintenance of international peace and security. Under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, it can take legally binding decisions for this purpose, including authorizing the use of armed force as a last resort. However, despite its broad powers, it often appears powerless in the face of numerous armed conflicts that threaten international peace and security. This master's thesis examines the functioning of the Security Council in the cases of armed conflicts between the Russian Federation and Ukraine and between Israel and Hamas in Gaza. In both cases, the Security Council was unable to take effective action to stop the conflicts. The reason for this can be found in the veto power of the permanent members of the Security Council, which allows them to unilaterally block Security Council decisions that would be contrary to their political interests, even at the expense of international peace and security. All attempts to reform the composition and functioning of the Security Council have been unsuccessful to date. Alternatives such as the "Uniting for Peace" resolution of the United Nations General Assembly, the principle of responsibility to protect, or interventions outside the framework of the United Nations, cannot replace the role of the Security Council in the maintenance of international peace and security, as they lack either the legally binding effect or the legitimacy in the eyes of the international community compared to Security Council resolutions. Various informal initiatives have been launched to voluntarily restrict the use of the veto by permanent members of the Security Council in cases of mass atrocities, but their effect has been limited, as most permanent members of the Security Council have not joined them. The hypothesis of this master's thesis is that the structure of the United Nations Security Council with the institution of permanent members with veto power prevents it from taking effective action for the maintenance of international peace and security.

• Keywords: United Nations Security Council, maintenance of international peace and security, veto, Ukraine, Gaza